- Mayo Foundation Disclaimer
- Dedication
- Foreword
- Preface
- Contributors
- 1. Preparing for the ABIM Examination
- 2. Arrhythmias and Syncope
- 3. Cardiac Examination, Valvular Heart Disease, and Congenital Heart Disease
- 4. The Heart and Systemic Disease, Pregnancy and Heart Disease, and Miscellaneous Cardiac Disorders
- 5. Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies
- 6. Ischemic Heart Disease
- 7. Vascular Diseases
- 8. Hypertension
- 9. Colon
- 10. Pancreas
- 11. Esophagus and Stomach
- 12. Diarrhea, Malabsorption, and Small-Bowel Disorders
- 13. Liver and Biliary Tract<sup>a</sup>
- 14. Critical Care Medicine
- 15. Interstitial Lung Diseases
- 16. Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Pulmonary Embolism, and Pulmonary Hypertension
- 17. Common Pulmonary Disorders
- 18. Infections in the Immunocompromised Host, Recognition and Management of Bioterrorism Infections, and Infectious Syndromes Caused by Specific Microorganisms
- 19. Pulmonary Infections and Mycobacterial Infections
- 20. Pharyngitis, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Urinary Tract Infections, and Gastrointestinal Infections
- 21. HIV Infection<sup>a</sup>
- 22. Health Care–Associated Infections, Infections of the Central Nervous System, Infective Endocarditis, Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, and Bone and Joint Infections
- 23. Nonarticular Rheumatism
- 24. Inflammatory and Noninflammatory Arthritis
- 25. Gout and Spondyloarthropathies
- 26. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Infections<sup>a</sup>
- 27. Disorders of the Thyroid Gland
- 28. Lipid Disorders and Diabetes Mellitus
- 29. Obesity
- 30. Pituitary Disorders
- 31. Gonadal and Adrenal Disorders
- 32. Disorders of Calcium and Bone Metabolism
- 33. Oncology
- 34. Benign Hematology
- 35. Hematology: Hemostasis<sup>a</sup>
- 36. Hematology: Thrombosis
- 37. Malignant Hematology
- 38. Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders
- 39. Acute Kidney Injury, Glomerular Disease, and Tubulointerstitial Disease
- 40. Evaluation of Kidney Function and Chronic Kidney Disease
- 41. Allergy<sup>a</sup>
- 42. Asthma<sup>a</sup>
- 43. Psychiatry
- 44. Diagnosis of Neurologic Disorders
- 45. Neurologic Disorders Categorized by Anatomical Involvement
- 46. Neurologic Disorders Categorized by Mechanism
- 47. Dermatology
- 48. Genetics
- 49. Geriatrics
- 50. Preventive Medicine
- 51. Men’s Health<sup>a</sup>
- 52. Women’s Health
- 53. General Internal Medicine: Preoperative Evaluation<sup>a</sup>
- 54. Hospital Medicine
- 55. General Internal Medicine and Quality Improvement
- 56. General Internal Medicine: Clinical Epidemiology
- 57. Medical Ethics<sup>a</sup>
- Index
(p. 308) HIV Infectiona
- Author(s):
Mary J. Kasten
and Zelalem Temesgen
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780199948949.003.0021
AIDS was first reported in 1981, when gay men presented with Pneumocystis pneumonia or Kaposi sarcoma. HIV was identified as the cause of AIDS in 1984. Testing for HIV became available in the United States in 1985. Considerable gains in the understanding and treatment of HIV have been made during the past 30 years. This chapter has four goals: identify how human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is transmitted and what behaviors and conditions affect the risk of transmission; review the natural history of HIV infection and AIDS, including AIDS-defining conditions; recognize when treatment for HIV is indicated and understand the basic principles of antiretroviral treatment; recognize when prophylaxis is indicated for opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients and for which infections it should be given.
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- Mayo Foundation Disclaimer
- Dedication
- Foreword
- Preface
- Contributors
- 1. Preparing for the ABIM Examination
- 2. Arrhythmias and Syncope
- 3. Cardiac Examination, Valvular Heart Disease, and Congenital Heart Disease
- 4. The Heart and Systemic Disease, Pregnancy and Heart Disease, and Miscellaneous Cardiac Disorders
- 5. Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies
- 6. Ischemic Heart Disease
- 7. Vascular Diseases
- 8. Hypertension
- 9. Colon
- 10. Pancreas
- 11. Esophagus and Stomach
- 12. Diarrhea, Malabsorption, and Small-Bowel Disorders
- 13. Liver and Biliary Tract<sup>a</sup>
- 14. Critical Care Medicine
- 15. Interstitial Lung Diseases
- 16. Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Pulmonary Embolism, and Pulmonary Hypertension
- 17. Common Pulmonary Disorders
- 18. Infections in the Immunocompromised Host, Recognition and Management of Bioterrorism Infections, and Infectious Syndromes Caused by Specific Microorganisms
- 19. Pulmonary Infections and Mycobacterial Infections
- 20. Pharyngitis, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Urinary Tract Infections, and Gastrointestinal Infections
- 21. HIV Infection<sup>a</sup>
- 22. Health Care–Associated Infections, Infections of the Central Nervous System, Infective Endocarditis, Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, and Bone and Joint Infections
- 23. Nonarticular Rheumatism
- 24. Inflammatory and Noninflammatory Arthritis
- 25. Gout and Spondyloarthropathies
- 26. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Infections<sup>a</sup>
- 27. Disorders of the Thyroid Gland
- 28. Lipid Disorders and Diabetes Mellitus
- 29. Obesity
- 30. Pituitary Disorders
- 31. Gonadal and Adrenal Disorders
- 32. Disorders of Calcium and Bone Metabolism
- 33. Oncology
- 34. Benign Hematology
- 35. Hematology: Hemostasis<sup>a</sup>
- 36. Hematology: Thrombosis
- 37. Malignant Hematology
- 38. Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders
- 39. Acute Kidney Injury, Glomerular Disease, and Tubulointerstitial Disease
- 40. Evaluation of Kidney Function and Chronic Kidney Disease
- 41. Allergy<sup>a</sup>
- 42. Asthma<sup>a</sup>
- 43. Psychiatry
- 44. Diagnosis of Neurologic Disorders
- 45. Neurologic Disorders Categorized by Anatomical Involvement
- 46. Neurologic Disorders Categorized by Mechanism
- 47. Dermatology
- 48. Genetics
- 49. Geriatrics
- 50. Preventive Medicine
- 51. Men’s Health<sup>a</sup>
- 52. Women’s Health
- 53. General Internal Medicine: Preoperative Evaluation<sup>a</sup>
- 54. Hospital Medicine
- 55. General Internal Medicine and Quality Improvement
- 56. General Internal Medicine: Clinical Epidemiology
- 57. Medical Ethics<sup>a</sup>
- Index