- Foreword
- Preface
- Contributors
- 1 Relevance of Pain and Analgesia in Multicultural Societies
- 2 A Linguistic Approach for Understanding Pain in the Medical Encounter
- 3 Culture, Placebo, and Analgesia
- 4 Pain in Children across Cultures
- 5 Pain in Indian Culture
- 6 Insights on the Pain Experience in Mexican Americans
- 7 We Feel Pain Too
- 8 Allying with Chinese Parents for Enhanced Control of Pediatric Postoperative Pain
- 9 Understanding Anglo-Americans’ Culture, Pain, and Suffering
- 10 Cross-cultural Use and Validity of Pain Scales and Questionnaires—Norwegian Case Study
- 11 The Clinical Encounter
- 12 Social Contexts of Pain
- 13 Implicit and Explicit Ethnic Bias among Physicians
- 14 Ethnic Disparities in Emergency Department Pain Management
- 15 Patient-Provider Ethnic Concordance in Pain Control: Negotiating the Intangible Barrier
- 16 The Effect Of Ethnicity On Prescriptions For Patient-Controlled Analgesia For Post-operative Pain
- 17 Disparities in Health Care and Pain Management for Americans with Sickle Cell Disease
- 18 Unavailability of Pain Medicines in Minority Neighborhoods and Developing Countries
- 19 Disparities in Treatment of Cancer Pain in Ethnic Minority Patients
- 20 The Pain of Childbirth
- 21 Gender and Ethnic Differences in Responses to Pain and Its Treatment
- 22 Pain Management Among Chinese American Cancer Patients
- 23 Pain and Aging
- 24 Older African-Americans
- 25 Insensitivity to Pain
- 26 Opioid Requirements and Responses in Asians
- 27 Ethnicity and Psychopharmacotherapy in Pain
- 28 Integrative Medicine Approach to Chronic Pain
- 29 Physicians’ Perception of Pain as Related to Empathy, Sympathy and the Mirror-Neuron System
- 30 Pain, Culture, and Pathways to Care
- 31 Culture, Pharmacogenomics, and Personalized Analgesia
- Index
(p. 388) Pain, Culture, and Pathways to Care
- Chapter:
- (p. 388) Pain, Culture, and Pathways to Care
- Author(s):
Gurvinder S. Kalra
, Susham Gupta
, and Dinesh Bhugra
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780199768875.003.0030
Pain is a universal experience and part of everyday life in medicine. The word is derived from poena—the Latin word associated with punishment or penalty. It is one of the most frequent complaints brought to physicians everywhere. Pain can be both physically and psychologically mediated. It is the physical symptom of underlying pathology of physiological processes that causes the most human suffering in medicine. From an anthropological point, cultural and societal factors dictate expression of emotions, and hence have a learned component.1 Pain is one of the most common causes of inability to work and also places a great economic burden on society in the form of lost man-power and disability benefits.
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- Foreword
- Preface
- Contributors
- 1 Relevance of Pain and Analgesia in Multicultural Societies
- 2 A Linguistic Approach for Understanding Pain in the Medical Encounter
- 3 Culture, Placebo, and Analgesia
- 4 Pain in Children across Cultures
- 5 Pain in Indian Culture
- 6 Insights on the Pain Experience in Mexican Americans
- 7 We Feel Pain Too
- 8 Allying with Chinese Parents for Enhanced Control of Pediatric Postoperative Pain
- 9 Understanding Anglo-Americans’ Culture, Pain, and Suffering
- 10 Cross-cultural Use and Validity of Pain Scales and Questionnaires—Norwegian Case Study
- 11 The Clinical Encounter
- 12 Social Contexts of Pain
- 13 Implicit and Explicit Ethnic Bias among Physicians
- 14 Ethnic Disparities in Emergency Department Pain Management
- 15 Patient-Provider Ethnic Concordance in Pain Control: Negotiating the Intangible Barrier
- 16 The Effect Of Ethnicity On Prescriptions For Patient-Controlled Analgesia For Post-operative Pain
- 17 Disparities in Health Care and Pain Management for Americans with Sickle Cell Disease
- 18 Unavailability of Pain Medicines in Minority Neighborhoods and Developing Countries
- 19 Disparities in Treatment of Cancer Pain in Ethnic Minority Patients
- 20 The Pain of Childbirth
- 21 Gender and Ethnic Differences in Responses to Pain and Its Treatment
- 22 Pain Management Among Chinese American Cancer Patients
- 23 Pain and Aging
- 24 Older African-Americans
- 25 Insensitivity to Pain
- 26 Opioid Requirements and Responses in Asians
- 27 Ethnicity and Psychopharmacotherapy in Pain
- 28 Integrative Medicine Approach to Chronic Pain
- 29 Physicians’ Perception of Pain as Related to Empathy, Sympathy and the Mirror-Neuron System
- 30 Pain, Culture, and Pathways to Care
- 31 Culture, Pharmacogenomics, and Personalized Analgesia
- Index
