(p. 62) Globalization 

Globalization, defined as the closer interconnectedness of human societies across national borders and geographies, through a mixture of spatial, temporal, and cognitive changes, is having wide-ranging impacts on public health. This interconnectedness is characterized by increased population mobility, information technology advances, environmental change, and financial flows, all of which have potentially profound impacts on health determinants and outcomes. Contemporary globalization creates new opportunities to enhance human well-being, but is also the source of negative externalities. In addition, the costs and benefits to health from globalization have been inequitably distributed. A ‘global public health’ approach seeks to better understand these changing patterns of health and disease, and their determinants, arising from globalization, and the interventions needed to effectively manage them. This requires greater attention to achieving collective action across different population groups to tackle transboundary health determinants and outcomes which, in turn, contribute to more sustainable forms of globalization.