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Chronic hepatitis and other liver disease 

Chronic hepatitis and other liver disease
Chapter:
Chronic hepatitis and other liver disease
Author(s):

Pierre Van Damme

, Tinne Lernout

, Koen Van Herck

, Rui T. Marinho

, Raymundo Paraná

, and Daniel Shouval

DOI:
10.1093/med/9780199661756.003.0216
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date: 06 July 2022

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are major risk factors in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) either by inducing cirrhosis or by direct oncogenic effects, representing a major burden worldwide. Around 400 million people are chronically infected with HBV or HCV and approximately 1 million people die each year (~2.7% of all deaths) from causes related to viral hepatitis, most commonly cirrhosis and HCC. Alcohol consumption is responsible for increased illness and death and is associated with an increased risk of a number of cancers. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are chronic liver diseases associated with the metabolic syndrome. This tends to take epidemic proportions in the Western population, and to constitute a major health problem in the near future. On the other hand, obesity seems to be also a strong oncogenic condition, in particular for HCC.

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