(p. 1161) Malaria 

Malaria, a mosquito-borne protozoal infection, is a global public health problem of overwhelming proportions, exacting a huge toll in morbidity, mortality, disability, and economic costs. Yet, effective treatment and prevention and control approaches are available and include the use of artemisinin combination therapy, long-lasting insecticide-treated nets, indoor residual spraying of insecticides, and other vector control measures, as well as intermittent preventive therapy for pregnant women, infants, and children. Over the past decade renewed momentum and considerable additional resources have yielded progress towards reducing the burden of malaria; however, these gains have been uneven and the impact of malaria remains staggering. Moreover, drug resistance, including to artemisinin, inadequate surveillance, operational challenges, insecticide resistance, competing priorities, and the threat of flagging resolve and funding threaten the progress already made and underscore the challenges that remain. Long-term commitment of resources and sustained efforts using integrated approaches targeted to local conditions will be necessary if malaria control and elimination is to be realized.