- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Contributors
- Symbols and abbreviations
- Chapter 1 Research: why and how?
- Chapter 2 Navigating research methods: basic concepts in biostatistics and epidemiology
- Chapter 3 Navigating research methods: quantitative and clinical/epidemiological methods
- Chapter 4 Navigating research methods: qualitative methods
- Chapter 5 Navigating research methods: evidence-based medicine (EBM)
- Chapter 6 Navigating research methods: critical appraisal
- Chapter 7 Navigating research methods: clinical audit
- Chapter 8 Setting the scene and ICH GCP in clinical and healthcare research
- Chapter 9 Informed consent in a research setting
- Chapter 10 Ethics of clinical and healthcare research: general considerations, Mental Capacity Act, Human Tissue Act
- Chapter 11 Role and responsibilities: investigator and research team
- Chapter 12 Role and responsibilities of the sponsor
- Chapter 13 Monitoring
- Chapter 14 Clinical trial design
- Chapter 15 Clinical trial protocols: study protocol
- Chapter 16 Data capture tools: case report form (CRF)
- Chapter 17 Clinical trial supplies: investigational medicinal products (IMPs)
- Chapter 18 IMP accountability
- Chapter 19 Safety reporting
- Chapter 20 Data management
- Chapter 21 Research project management
- Chapter 22 Essential documents
- Chapter 23 Archiving
- Chapter 24 Audits and inspections
- Chapter 25 Fraud and misconduct
- Chapter 26 Authorship
- Chapter 27 Publication process
- Chapter 28 Start-up toolkit: from funding an idea, through implementation, to achieving an impact
- Index
(p. 19) Navigating research methods: basic concepts in biostatistics and epidemiology
- Chapter:
- (p. 19) Navigating research methods: basic concepts in biostatistics and epidemiology
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780199608478.003.0002
This chapter provides an overview of the basic concepts in biostatistics and epidemiology. Section 1: Basic concepts in biostatistics The concepts in biostatistics include: 1. descriptive statistical methods (which comprise of frequency distribution, distribution shapes, and measures of central tendency and dispersion); and 2. inferential statistics which is applied to make inferences about a population from the sample data. Non-probability and probability sampling methods are outlined. This section provides simple explanation of the complex concepts of significance tests and confidence intervals and their corresponding interpretation. Correlation and regression methods used to describe the association between two quantitative variables are also explained. This section also provides an overview of when to use which statistical test given the type of data and the nature of the research question. Section 2: Basic concepts in epidemiology This section begins with the definitions of normality. Next, the interpretation of diagnostic tests and clinical prediction are explained and the definitions of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value are provided. The relationship between these four constructs is discussed. The application of this concepts in the treatment and prevention is discussed.
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- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Contributors
- Symbols and abbreviations
- Chapter 1 Research: why and how?
- Chapter 2 Navigating research methods: basic concepts in biostatistics and epidemiology
- Chapter 3 Navigating research methods: quantitative and clinical/epidemiological methods
- Chapter 4 Navigating research methods: qualitative methods
- Chapter 5 Navigating research methods: evidence-based medicine (EBM)
- Chapter 6 Navigating research methods: critical appraisal
- Chapter 7 Navigating research methods: clinical audit
- Chapter 8 Setting the scene and ICH GCP in clinical and healthcare research
- Chapter 9 Informed consent in a research setting
- Chapter 10 Ethics of clinical and healthcare research: general considerations, Mental Capacity Act, Human Tissue Act
- Chapter 11 Role and responsibilities: investigator and research team
- Chapter 12 Role and responsibilities of the sponsor
- Chapter 13 Monitoring
- Chapter 14 Clinical trial design
- Chapter 15 Clinical trial protocols: study protocol
- Chapter 16 Data capture tools: case report form (CRF)
- Chapter 17 Clinical trial supplies: investigational medicinal products (IMPs)
- Chapter 18 IMP accountability
- Chapter 19 Safety reporting
- Chapter 20 Data management
- Chapter 21 Research project management
- Chapter 22 Essential documents
- Chapter 23 Archiving
- Chapter 24 Audits and inspections
- Chapter 25 Fraud and misconduct
- Chapter 26 Authorship
- Chapter 27 Publication process
- Chapter 28 Start-up toolkit: from funding an idea, through implementation, to achieving an impact
- Index