- Section 1 ICU organization and management
- Section 2 Pharmacotherapeutics
- Section 3 Resuscitation
- Section 4 The respiratory system
- Section 5 The cardiovascular system
- Section 6 The gastrointestinal system
- Section 7 Nutrition
- Section 8 The renal system
- Section 9 The neurological system
- Section 10 The metabolic and endocrine systems
- Section 11 The haematological system
- Section 12 The skin and connective tissue
- Section 13 Infection
- Section 14 Inflammation
- Part 14.1 Physiology
- Part 14.2 Organ-specific biomarkers
- Part 14.3 Host response
- Chapter 303 The host response to infection in the critically ill
- Chapter 304 The host response to trauma and burns in the critically ill
- Chapter 305 The host response to hypoxia in the critically ill
- Chapter 306 Host–pathogen interactions in the critically ill
- Chapter 307 Coagulation and the endothelium in acute injury in the critically ill
- Chapter 308 Ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the critically ill
- Chapter 309 Repair and recovery mechanisms following critical illness
- Chapter 310 Neural and endocrine function in the immune response to critical illness
- Chapter 311 Adaptive immunity in critical illness
- Chapter 312 Immunomodulation strategies in the critically ill
- Chapter 313 Immunoparesis in the critically ill
- Part 14.4 Anaphylaxis
- Section 15 Poisoning
- Section 16 Trauma
- Section 17 Physical disorders
- Section 18 Pain and sedation
- Section 19 General surgical and obstetric intensive care
- Section 20 Specialized intensive care
- Section 21 Recovery from critical illness
- Section 22 End-of-life care
(p. 1466) Coagulation and the endothelium in acute injury in the critically ill
- Chapter:
- (p. 1466) Coagulation and the endothelium in acute injury in the critically ill
- Author(s):
Marcel Levi
and Tom van der Poll
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0307
Vascular endothelial cells play a pivotal mediatory role in many responses to systemic inflammation, including the cross-talk between coagulation and inflammation in sepsis. Endothelial cells respond to the cytokines expressed and released by activated leukocytes, but can also release cytokines themselves. Furthermore, endothelial cells are able to express adhesion molecules and growth factors that may not only promote the inflammatory response further, but also affect a myriad of downstream responses. It has recently become clear that, in addition to these mostly indirect effects of the endothelium, injured endothelial cells directly interfere with platelet-vessel wall interactions, neutrophil entrapment through formation of extracellular nets, and activation of inflammation and coagulation mediated by microparticles. The role of the glycocalyx as an important interface between the endothelium and regulation of coagulation in inflammatory states has also gained a lot of recent attention.
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- Section 1 ICU organization and management
- Section 2 Pharmacotherapeutics
- Section 3 Resuscitation
- Section 4 The respiratory system
- Section 5 The cardiovascular system
- Section 6 The gastrointestinal system
- Section 7 Nutrition
- Section 8 The renal system
- Section 9 The neurological system
- Section 10 The metabolic and endocrine systems
- Section 11 The haematological system
- Section 12 The skin and connective tissue
- Section 13 Infection
- Section 14 Inflammation
- Part 14.1 Physiology
- Part 14.2 Organ-specific biomarkers
- Part 14.3 Host response
- Chapter 303 The host response to infection in the critically ill
- Chapter 304 The host response to trauma and burns in the critically ill
- Chapter 305 The host response to hypoxia in the critically ill
- Chapter 306 Host–pathogen interactions in the critically ill
- Chapter 307 Coagulation and the endothelium in acute injury in the critically ill
- Chapter 308 Ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the critically ill
- Chapter 309 Repair and recovery mechanisms following critical illness
- Chapter 310 Neural and endocrine function in the immune response to critical illness
- Chapter 311 Adaptive immunity in critical illness
- Chapter 312 Immunomodulation strategies in the critically ill
- Chapter 313 Immunoparesis in the critically ill
- Part 14.4 Anaphylaxis
- Section 15 Poisoning
- Section 16 Trauma
- Section 17 Physical disorders
- Section 18 Pain and sedation
- Section 19 General surgical and obstetric intensive care
- Section 20 Specialized intensive care
- Section 21 Recovery from critical illness
- Section 22 End-of-life care