- Section 1 ICU organization and management
- Section 2 Pharmacotherapeutics
- Section 3 Resuscitation
- Section 4 The respiratory system
- Section 5 The cardiovascular system
- Section 6 The gastrointestinal system
- Section 7 Nutrition
- Section 8 The renal system
- Section 9 The neurological system
- Section 10 The metabolic and endocrine systems
- Section 11 The haematological system
- Section 12 The skin and connective tissue
- Section 13 Infection
- Section 14 Inflammation
- Part 14.1 Physiology
- Part 14.2 Organ-specific biomarkers
- Part 14.3 Host response
- Chapter 303 The host response to infection in the critically ill
- Chapter 304 The host response to trauma and burns in the critically ill
- Chapter 305 The host response to hypoxia in the critically ill
- Chapter 306 Host–pathogen interactions in the critically ill
- Chapter 307 Coagulation and the endothelium in acute injury in the critically ill
- Chapter 308 Ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the critically ill
- Chapter 309 Repair and recovery mechanisms following critical illness
- Chapter 310 Neural and endocrine function in the immune response to critical illness
- Chapter 311 Adaptive immunity in critical illness
- Chapter 312 Immunomodulation strategies in the critically ill
- Chapter 313 Immunoparesis in the critically ill
- Part 14.4 Anaphylaxis
- Section 15 Poisoning
- Section 16 Trauma
- Section 17 Physical disorders
- Section 18 Pain and sedation
- Section 19 General surgical and obstetric intensive care
- Section 20 Specialized intensive care
- Section 21 Recovery from critical illness
- Section 22 End-of-life care
(p. 1462) Host–pathogen interactions in the critically ill
- Chapter:
- (p. 1462) Host–pathogen interactions in the critically ill
- Author(s):
Guillaume Geri
and Jean-Paul Mira
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0306
Infection by a pathogenic micro-organism triggers a coordinated activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. The innate immune response quickly triggers an antimicrobial response that will initiate development of a pathogen-specific, long-lasting adaptive immune response. Accurate recognition of microbial-associated molecular patterns by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) is the cornerstone of this immediate response. Most studied PRRs are Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their kinase signalling cascades that activate nuclear transcription factors, and induce gene expression and cytokine production. Deficiencies or genetic variability in these different signalling pathways may lead to recurrent pyogenic infections and severe invasive diseases. After initial contact between the host and pathogen, numerous factors mediate the inflammatory response, as pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Apart from host genetic variability, pathogen diversity also influences the phenotypic features of various infectious diseases. Genomic analysis may assist in the development of targeted therapies or new therapeutic strategies based on both patient and microorganism genotype.
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- Section 1 ICU organization and management
- Section 2 Pharmacotherapeutics
- Section 3 Resuscitation
- Section 4 The respiratory system
- Section 5 The cardiovascular system
- Section 6 The gastrointestinal system
- Section 7 Nutrition
- Section 8 The renal system
- Section 9 The neurological system
- Section 10 The metabolic and endocrine systems
- Section 11 The haematological system
- Section 12 The skin and connective tissue
- Section 13 Infection
- Section 14 Inflammation
- Part 14.1 Physiology
- Part 14.2 Organ-specific biomarkers
- Part 14.3 Host response
- Chapter 303 The host response to infection in the critically ill
- Chapter 304 The host response to trauma and burns in the critically ill
- Chapter 305 The host response to hypoxia in the critically ill
- Chapter 306 Host–pathogen interactions in the critically ill
- Chapter 307 Coagulation and the endothelium in acute injury in the critically ill
- Chapter 308 Ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the critically ill
- Chapter 309 Repair and recovery mechanisms following critical illness
- Chapter 310 Neural and endocrine function in the immune response to critical illness
- Chapter 311 Adaptive immunity in critical illness
- Chapter 312 Immunomodulation strategies in the critically ill
- Chapter 313 Immunoparesis in the critically ill
- Part 14.4 Anaphylaxis
- Section 15 Poisoning
- Section 16 Trauma
- Section 17 Physical disorders
- Section 18 Pain and sedation
- Section 19 General surgical and obstetric intensive care
- Section 20 Specialized intensive care
- Section 21 Recovery from critical illness
- Section 22 End-of-life care