- Section 1 ICU organization and management
- Section 2 Pharmacotherapeutics
- Section 3 Resuscitation
- Section 4 The respiratory system
- Section 5 The cardiovascular system
- Section 6 The gastrointestinal system
- Section 7 Nutrition
- Section 8 The renal system
- Part 8.1 Physiology
- Part 8.2 Renal monitoring and risk prediction
- Part 8.3 Oliguria and acute kidney injury
- Chapter 211 Pathophysiology of oliguria and acute kidney injury
- Chapter 212 Diagnosis of oliguria and acute kidney injury
- Chapter 213 Management of oliguria and acute kidney injury in the critically ill
- Part 8.4 Renal replacement techniques
- Part 8.5 Established renal failure
- Section 9 The neurological system
- Section 10 The metabolic and endocrine systems
- Section 11 The haematological system
- Section 12 The skin and connective tissue
- Section 13 Infection
- Section 14 Inflammation
- Section 15 Poisoning
- Section 16 Trauma
- Section 17 Physical disorders
- Section 18 Pain and sedation
- Section 19 General surgical and obstetric intensive care
- Section 20 Specialized intensive care
- Section 21 Recovery from critical illness
- Section 22 End-of-life care
(p. 1003) Diagnosis of oliguria and acute kidney injury
- Chapter:
- (p. 1003) Diagnosis of oliguria and acute kidney injury
- Author(s):
John A. Kellum
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0212
Diagnosis and classification of acute pathology in the kidney is major clinical problem. Azotemia and oliguria represent not only disease, but also normal responses of the kidney to extracellular volume depletion or a decreased renal blood flow. Clinicians routinely make inferences about both the presence of renal dysfunction and its cause. Pure prerenal physiology is unusual in hospitalized patients and its effects are not necessary benign. Sepsismay alter renal function without the characteristic changes in urine indices. The clinical syndrome known as acute tubular necrosis does not actually manifest the histological changes that the name implies. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a term proposed to encompass the entire spectrum of the syndrome from minor changes in renal function to a requirement for renal replacement therapy. Criteria based on both changes in serum creatinine and urine output represent a broad international consensus for diagnosing and staging AKI.
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- Section 1 ICU organization and management
- Section 2 Pharmacotherapeutics
- Section 3 Resuscitation
- Section 4 The respiratory system
- Section 5 The cardiovascular system
- Section 6 The gastrointestinal system
- Section 7 Nutrition
- Section 8 The renal system
- Part 8.1 Physiology
- Part 8.2 Renal monitoring and risk prediction
- Part 8.3 Oliguria and acute kidney injury
- Chapter 211 Pathophysiology of oliguria and acute kidney injury
- Chapter 212 Diagnosis of oliguria and acute kidney injury
- Chapter 213 Management of oliguria and acute kidney injury in the critically ill
- Part 8.4 Renal replacement techniques
- Part 8.5 Established renal failure
- Section 9 The neurological system
- Section 10 The metabolic and endocrine systems
- Section 11 The haematological system
- Section 12 The skin and connective tissue
- Section 13 Infection
- Section 14 Inflammation
- Section 15 Poisoning
- Section 16 Trauma
- Section 17 Physical disorders
- Section 18 Pain and sedation
- Section 19 General surgical and obstetric intensive care
- Section 20 Specialized intensive care
- Section 21 Recovery from critical illness
- Section 22 End-of-life care