- Section 1 ICU organization and management
- Section 2 Pharmacotherapeutics
- Section 3 Resuscitation
- Section 4 The respiratory system
- Section 5 The cardiovascular system
- Section 6 The gastrointestinal system
- Section 7 Nutrition
- Part 7.1 Physiology
- Part 7.2 Nutritional failure
- Chapter 203 Pathophysiology of nutritional failure in the critically ill
- Chapter 204 Assessing nutritional status in the ICU
- Chapter 205 Indirect calorimetry in the ICU
- Chapter 206 Enteral nutrition in the ICU
- Chapter 207 Parenteral nutrition in the ICU
- Section 8 The renal system
- Section 9 The neurological system
- Section 10 The metabolic and endocrine systems
- Section 11 The haematological system
- Section 12 The skin and connective tissue
- Section 13 Infection
- Section 14 Inflammation
- Section 15 Poisoning
- Section 16 Trauma
- Section 17 Physical disorders
- Section 18 Pain and sedation
- Section 19 General surgical and obstetric intensive care
- Section 20 Specialized intensive care
- Section 21 Recovery from critical illness
- Section 22 End-of-life care
(p. 961) Pathophysiology of nutritional failure in the critically ill
- Chapter:
- (p. 961) Pathophysiology of nutritional failure in the critically ill
- Author(s):
Jan Wernerman
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0203
Nutritional and metabolic care makes a difference in critical illness. Optimal nutrition can improve outcomes and complications with nutrition may do harm. The energy needs of critically-ill patients are controversial, and it is important to discriminate between this initial phase of critical illness and a more stable phase evolving into rehabilitation. Indirect calorimetry is very helpful to optimize the energy supply. It is repeatedly suggested that protein supply to critically-ill patients should be higher than to healthy individuals. There is, however, little evidence for this proposal, although it is a part of most guidelines. To consider nutritional failure, optimal nutrition should be defined. In critical illness more mechanistic research is needed to define optimal nutrition and metabolic care.
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- Section 1 ICU organization and management
- Section 2 Pharmacotherapeutics
- Section 3 Resuscitation
- Section 4 The respiratory system
- Section 5 The cardiovascular system
- Section 6 The gastrointestinal system
- Section 7 Nutrition
- Part 7.1 Physiology
- Part 7.2 Nutritional failure
- Chapter 203 Pathophysiology of nutritional failure in the critically ill
- Chapter 204 Assessing nutritional status in the ICU
- Chapter 205 Indirect calorimetry in the ICU
- Chapter 206 Enteral nutrition in the ICU
- Chapter 207 Parenteral nutrition in the ICU
- Section 8 The renal system
- Section 9 The neurological system
- Section 10 The metabolic and endocrine systems
- Section 11 The haematological system
- Section 12 The skin and connective tissue
- Section 13 Infection
- Section 14 Inflammation
- Section 15 Poisoning
- Section 16 Trauma
- Section 17 Physical disorders
- Section 18 Pain and sedation
- Section 19 General surgical and obstetric intensive care
- Section 20 Specialized intensive care
- Section 21 Recovery from critical illness
- Section 22 End-of-life care