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Perforated viscus in the critically ill 

Perforated viscus in the critically ill
Chapter:
Perforated viscus in the critically ill
Author(s):

Ori D. Rotstein

DOI:
10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0185
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date: 24 July 2021

Visceral perforation presents with either localized or diffuse abdominal pain and tenderness depending on the ability of the peritoneal host defence mechanisms to contain the spread of gastrointestinal content from the site of perforation. The most common causes of perforation are appendicitis, diverticulitis, and peptic ulcer disease. The diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms and signs, supported by appropriate imaging. CT scanning is an accurate method of diagnosing perforation and can provide information about the underlying pathological process. The principles of treatment include adequate physiological support, appropriate antimicrobial therapy and intervention to control the source of infection and prevent its recurrence.

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