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Pathophysiology and management of raised intra-abdominal pressure in the critically ill 

Pathophysiology and management of raised intra-abdominal pressure in the critically ill
Chapter:
Pathophysiology and management of raised intra-abdominal pressure in the critically ill
Author(s):

Inneke E. De laet

and Manu L. N. G. Malbrain

DOI:
10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0184
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date: 26 January 2021

The deleterious effects of raised intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) on organ function and mortality have been known for decades, even centuries. Interest in this phenomenon has revived since the 1980s and, recently, the World Society for the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome has published new consensus definitions and guidelines. This chapter will focus on the new definitions for intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS), identify risk factors for the development of IAH/ACS, provide guidelines for IAP monitoring (including when to start, how to measure, and when to stop), and discuss both surgical and medical treatment options for both IAH and ACS. The effect of increased IAP on different organ systems is explained and suggestions on how to adjust ICU management of the patient with IAH are offered.

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