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Contents
- Front Matter
- Section 1 ICU organization and management
- Part 1.1 The intensive care unit
- Chapter 1 Design of the ICU Neil A. Halpern
- Chapter 2 Staffing models in the ICUTim Buchman and Michael Sterling
- Chapter 3 Rapid response teams for the critically illKen Hillman and Jack Chen
- Chapter 4 In-hospital transfer of the critically illLorna Eyre and Simon Whiteley
- Chapter 5 Pre- and inter-hospital transport of the critically ill and injuredKelly R. Klein and Paul E. Pepe
- Chapter 6 Regional critical care delivery systemsTheodore J. Iwashyna and Colin R. Cooke
- Chapter 7 Integration of information technology in the ICUDaniel Martich and Jody Cervenak
- Chapter 8 Multiple casualties and disaster response in critical careYoram Weiss and Micha Shamir
- Chapter 9 Management of pandemic critical illness Robert Fowler and Abhijit Duggal
- Part 1.2 Communication
- Chapter 10 Effective teamwork in the ICUPeter G. Brindley
- Chapter 11 Communication with patients and families in the ICULeslie P. Scheunemann and Robert M. Arnold
- Chapter 12 Telemedicine in critical careBela Patel and Eric J. Thomas
- Part 1.3 Training
- Chapter 13 Clinical skills in critical careGraham Nimmo and Ben Shippey
- Chapter 14 Simulation training for critical careBen Shippey and Graham Nimmo
- Chapter 15 Leadership skills in the ICUCarole Foot and Liz Hickson
- Part 1.4 Safety and quality
- Chapter 16 Patient safety in the ICUBradford D. Winters and Peter J. Pronovost
- Chapter 17 Policies, bundles, and protocols in critical careJeffrey Mazer and Mitchell M. Levy
- Chapter 18 Managing biohazards and environmental safetyFerenc Kovari and Gilbert Park
- Chapter 19 Managing ICU staff welfare, morale, and burnoutGavin G. Lavery and Linda-Jayne Mottram
- Part 1.5 Governance
- Chapter 20 ICU admission and discharge criteria Julian Bion and Anna Dennis
- Chapter 21 Resource management and budgeting in critical careJukka Takala
- Chapter 22 Costs and cost-effectiveness in critical careDavid J. Wallace and Derek C. Angus
- Part 1.6 Research
- Chapter 23 Evidence-based practice in critical careMarius Terblanche and Damon C. Scales
- Chapter 24 Research ethics in the ICUNeal W. Dickert and Scott D. Halpern
- Part 1.7 Medico-legal and ethical issues
- Chapter 25 Informed consent in the ICUHenry J. Silverman
- Chapter 26 Patient rights in the ICUThaddeus M. Pope and Douglas B. White
- Chapter 27 Medico-legal liability in critical careMichael A. Rie
- Part 1.8 Critical illness risk prediction
- Chapter 28 The role and limitations of scoring systemsHannah Wunsch and Andrew A. Kramer
- Chapter 29 Severity of illness scoring systemsGraeme K. Hart and David Pilcher
- Chapter 30 Organ failure scoringRui Moreno
- Chapter 31 Genetic and molecular expression patterns in critical illnessAnthony F. Suffredini and J. Perren Cobb
- Part 1.1 The intensive care unit
- Section 2 Pharmacotherapeutics
- Part 2.1 Respiratory drugs
- Chapter 32 Oxygen in critical illnessJames N. Fullerton and Mervyn Singer
- Chapter 33 Bronchodilators in critical illnessRajiv Dhand and Michael McCormack
- Part 2.2 Cardiovascular drugs
- Chapter 34 Vasopressors in critical illnessDaniel De Backer and Patrick Biston
- Chapter 35 Vasodilators in critical illnessA. B. J. Groeneveld and Alexandre Lima
- Chapter 36 Inotropic agents in critical illnessAbdallah Fayssoil and Djillali Annane
- Chapter 37 Anti-anginal agents in critical illnessAjay Suri and Jean R. McEwan
- Chapter 38 Anti-arrhythmics in critical illnessJohn LeMaitre and Jan Kornder
- Chapter 39 Pulmonary vasodilators in critical illnessBenjamin Chousterman and Didier Payen
- Part 2.3 Gastrointestinal drugs
- Chapter 40 Gastrointestinal motility drugs in critical illnessSonja Fruhwald and Peter Holzer
- Chapter 41 Stress ulcer prophylaxis and treatment drugs in critical illnessWaleed Alhazzani and Deborah J. Cook
- Part 2.4 Nervous system drugs
- Chapter 42 Sedatives and anti-anxiety agents in critical illnessCurtis N. Sessler and Katie M. Muzevich
- Chapter 43 Analgesics in critical illnessMayur B. Patel and Pratik P. Pandharipande
- Chapter 44 Antidepressants in critical illnessScott R. Beach and Theodore A. Stern
- Chapter 45 Antiseizure agents in critical illnessSebastian Pollandt and Lori Shutter
- Chapter 46 Inhalational anaesthetic agents in critical illnessLaurent Beydon and Flavie Duc
- Chapter 47 Muscle relaxants in critical illnessBrian J. Pollard
- Chapter 48 Neuroprotective agents in critical illnessJerrold L. Perrott and Steven C. Reynolds
- Part 2.5 Hormonal drugs
- Chapter 49 Hormone therapies in critical illnessMark S. Cooper
- Chapter 50 Insulin and oral anti-hyperglycaemic agents in critical illnessRoosmarijn T. M. van Hooijdonk and Marcus J. Schultz
- Part 2.6 Haematological drugs
- Chapter 51 Anticoagulants and antithrombotics in critical illnessVickie McDonald and Marie Scully
- Chapter 52 Haemostatic agents in critical illnessBeverley J. Hunt
- Part 2.7 Antimicrobial and immunological drugs
- Chapter 53 Antimicrobial drugs in critical illnessA. P. R. Wilson and Preet Panesar
- Chapter 54 Steroids in critical illnessDidier Keh
- Chapter 55 Immunotherapy in critical illnessHans-Dieter Volk and Levent Akyüz
- Part 2.8 Fluids and diuretics
- Chapter 56 Colloids in critical illnessAndrew Webb
- Chapter 57 Crystalloids in critical illnessKarthik Raghunathan and Andrew Shaw
- Chapter 58 Diuretics in critical illnessMarlies Ostermann and Ruth Y. Y. Wan
- Part 2.1 Respiratory drugs
- Section 3 Resuscitation
- Part 3.1 Respiratory management
- Chapter 59 Airway management in cardiopulmonary resuscitationJerry P. Nolan and Jasmeet Soar
- Chapter 60 Artificial ventilation in cardiopulmonary resuscitationJasmeet Soar and Jerry P. Nolan
- Part 3.2 Circulatory management
- Chapter 61 Pathophysiology and causes of cardiac arrestPeter Thomas Morley
- Chapter 62 Cardiac massage and blood flow management during cardiac arrestGavin D. Perkins
- Chapter 63 Defibrillation and pacing during cardiac arrestCharles D. Deakin
- Chapter 64 Therapeutic strategies in managing cardiac arrestJohn Field
- Chapter 65 Post-cardiac arrest arrhythmiasMarwan F. Jumean and Mark S. Link
- Chapter 66 Management after resuscitation from cardiac arrestJerry P. Nolan and Michael J. A. Parr
- Chapter 67 Ethical and end-of-life issues after cardiac arrestCarolyn Benson and G. Bryan Young
- Part 3.3 Fluid management
- Chapter 68 Physiology of body fluidsAnthony Delaney
- Chapter 69 Choice of resuscitation fluidJohn Myburgh and Naomi E. Hammond
- Chapter 70 Therapeutic goals of fluid resuscitationBashar S. Staitieh and Greg S. Martin
- Part 3.1 Respiratory management
- Section 4 The respiratory system
- Part 4.1 Physiology
- Chapter 71 Normal physiology of the respiratory system Göran Hedenstierna and João Batista Borges
- Part 4.2 Respiratory monitoring
- Chapter 72 Blood gas analysis in the critically ill Gavin M. Joynt and Gordon Y. S. Choi
- Chapter 73 Pulse oximetry and capnography in the ICU Richard Lee
- Chapter 74 Respiratory system compliance and resistance in the critically ill Ricardo Luiz Cordioli and Laurent Brochard
- Chapter 75 Gas exchange principles in the critically ill Peter D. Wagner
- Chapter 76 Gas exchange assessment in the critically ill Peter D. Wagner
- Chapter 77 Respiratory muscle function in the critically ill Theodoros Vassilakopoulos and Charis Roussos
- Chapter 78 Imaging the respiratory system in the critically ill Lawrence R. Goodman
- Part 4.3 Upper airway obstruction
- Part 4.4 Airway access
- Chapter 80 Standard intubation in the ICU Sebastian G. Russo and Michael Quintel
- Chapter 81 The difficult intubation in the ICU Michael Frass
- Chapter 82 The surgical airway in the ICU Danja S. Groves and Charles G. Durbin Jr
- Part 4.5 Acute respiratory failure
- Chapter 83 Dyspnoea in the critically ill Paolo Tarsia
- Chapter 84 Pulmonary mechanical dysfunction in the critically ill Umberto Lucangelo and Massimo Ferluga
- Chapter 85 Hypoxaemia in the critically ill Susannah Leaver and Timothy Evans
- Chapter 86 Hypercapnia in the critically ill John G. Laffey and Brian P. Kavanagh
- Chapter 87 Cardiovascular interactions in respiratory failure Jae Myeong Lee and Michael R. Pinsky
- Part 4.6 Ventilatory support
- Chapter 88 Physiology of positive-pressure ventilation Göran Hedenstierna and Hans Ulrich Rothen
- Chapter 89 Respiratory support with continuous positive airways pressure Francesco Mojoli and Antonio Braschi
- Chapter 90 Non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation Giulia Spoletini and Nicholas S. Hill
- Chapter 91 Indications for mechanical ventilation Neil R. MacIntyre
- Chapter 92 Design and function of mechanical ventilators Robert L. Chatburn and Eduardo Mireles-Cabodevila
- Chapter 93 Setting rate, volume, and time in ventilatory support Charles M. Oliver and S. Ramani Moonesinghe
- Chapter 94 Respiratory support with positive end-expiratory pressure Ignacio Martin-Loeches and Antonio Artigas
- Chapter 95 Volume-controlled mechanical ventilation Kristy A. Bauman and Robert C. Hyzy
- Chapter 96 Pressure-controlled mechanical ventilation Thomas Muders and Christian Putensen
- Chapter 97 Pressure support ventilation Hérnan Aguirre-Bermeo and Jordi Mancebo
- Chapter 98 High-frequency ventilation and oscillation Mireia Cuartero and Niall D. Ferguson
- Chapter 99 Prone positioning in the ICU Paolo Taccone and Davide Chiumello
- Chapter 100 Failure to ventilate in critical illness Vito Fanelli and V. Marco Ranieri
- Chapter 101 Ventilator trauma in the critically ill Marcelo Amato and Andreas Wolfgang Reske
- Part 4.7 Weaning ventilatory support
- Chapter 102 Assessment and technique of weaning Martin J. Tobin
- Chapter 103 Weaning failure in critical illness Annalisa Carlucci and Paolo Navalesi
- Part 4.8 Extracorporeal support
- Chapter 104 Extracorporeal respiratory and cardiac support techniques in the ICU Claire Westrope and Giles Peek
- Chapter 105 Treating respiratory failure with extracorporeal support in the ICU Giacomo Bellani and Antonio Pesenti
- Part 4.9 Aspiration and inhalation
- Chapter 106 Aspiration of gastric contents in the critically ill Sara Froio and Franco Valenza
- Chapter 107 Inhalation injury in the ICU Silvia Coppola and Franco Valenza
- Part 4.10 Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Chapter 108 Pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome Lorraine B. Ware
- Chapter 109 Therapeutic strategy in acute respiratory distress syndrome Charlotte Summers and Geoffrey Bellingan
- Part 4.11 Airflow limitation
- Chapter 110 Pathophysiology and causes of airflow limitation David V. Tuxen
- Chapter 111 Therapeutic approach to bronchospasm and asthma Brett G. Sampson and Andrew D. Bersten
- Chapter 112 Therapeutic strategy in acute or chronic airflow limitation Francesco Macagno and Massimo Antonelli
- Part 4.12 Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis
- Chapter 113 Pathophysiology and therapeutic strategy of respiratory acidosis Luciano Gattinoni and Alfredo Lissoni
- Chapter 114 Pathophysiology and therapeutic strategy of respiratory alkalosis Thomas Langer and Pietro Caironi
- Part 4.13 Pneumonia
- Chapter 115 Pathophysiology of pneumonia Jordi Rello and Bárbara Borgatta
- Chapter 116 Diagnosis and management of community-acquired pneumonia Antoni Torres and Adamantia Liapikou
- Chapter 117 Diagnosis and management of nosocomial pneumonia Jean Chastre
- Chapter 118 Diagnosis and management of atypical pneumonia Martin Langer and Edoardo Carretto
- Part 4.14 Atelectasis and sputum retention
- Chapter 119 Pathophysiology and prevention of sputum retention John J. Marini and Paolo Formenti
- Chapter 120 Lung recruitment techniques in the ICU Thomas Kiss and Paolo Pelosi
- Chapter 121 Chest physiotherapy and tracheobronchial suction in the ICU Gianluigi Li Bassi and J. D. Marti
- Chapter 122 Toilet bronchoscopy in the ICU Gianluigi Li Bassi and Carles Agusti
- Part 4.15 Pleural cavity problems
- Chapter 123 Pathophysiology of pleural cavity disorders Davide Chiumello and Cristina Mietto
- Chapter 124 Management of pneumothorax and bronchial fistulae Wissam Abouzgheib and Raquel Nahra
- Chapter 125 Management of pleural effusion and haemothorax Davide Chiumello and Silvia Coppola
- Part 4.16 Haemoptysis
- Chapter 126 Pathophysiology and causes of haemoptysis Francesco Blasi and Paolo Tarsia
- Chapter 127 Therapeutic approach in haemoptysis Francesco Blasi and Paolo Tarsia
- Part 4.1 Physiology
- Section 5 The cardiovascular system
- Part 5.1 Physiology
- Chapter 128 Normal physiology of the cardiovascular systemHugh Montgomery and Rónan Astin
- Part 5.2 Cardiovascular monitoring
- Chapter 129 ECG monitoring in the ICUSanjay Gandhi and William R. Lewis
- Chapter 130 Arterial and venous cannulation in the ICURonan O’Leary and Andrew R. Bodenham
- Chapter 131 Blood pressure monitoring in the ICUStefano Romagnoli and Giovanni Zagli
- Chapter 132 Central venous pressure monitoring in the ICUSheldon Magder
- Chapter 133 Pulmonary artery catheterization in the ICUEfrat Orenbuch-Harroch and Charles L. Sprung
- Chapter 134 Mixed and central venous oxygen saturation monitoring in the ICUFrank Bloos and Konrad Reinhart
- Chapter 135 Right ventricular function in the ICUAntoine Vieillard-Baron
- Chapter 136 Cardiac output assessment in the ICUNishkantha Arulkumaran and Maurizio Cecconi
- Chapter 137 Oxygen transport in the critically illStephan M. Jakob and Jukka Takala
- Chapter 138 Tissue perfusion monitoring in the ICUEric Kipnis and Benoit Vallet
- Chapter 139 Lactate monitoring in the ICUTim C. Jansen and Jan Bakker
- Chapter 140 Measurement of extravascular lung water in the ICUDanny F. McAuley and Thelma Rose Craig
- Chapter 141 Doppler echocardiography in the ICUJulien Maizel and Michel Slama
- Chapter 142 Monitoring the microcirculation in the ICUCan Ince and Alexandre Lima
- Chapter 143 Imaging the cardiovascular system in the ICURichard Paul and Susanna Price
- Part 5.3 Acute chest pain and coronary syndromes
- Chapter 144 Causes and diagnosis of chest painCaroline Patterson and Derek Bell
- Chapter 145 Pathophysiology of coronary syndromesRobert M. Bell
- Chapter 146 Diagnosis and management of non-STEMI coronary syndromesDavid Erlinge and Göran Olivecrona
- Chapter 147 Diagnosis and management of ST-elevation of myocardial infarctionDavid Erlinge and Göran Olivecrona
- Part 5.4 Aortic dissection
- Chapter 148 Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of aortic dissectionSamuel J. Youssef and John A. Elefteriades
- Part 5.5 The hypotensive patient
- Chapter 149 Pathophysiology of shockAntoine Kimmoun and Bruno Levy
- Chapter 150 Diagnosis and management of shock in the ICUAntoinette Spevetz and Joseph E. Parrillo
- Part 5.6 Cardiac failure
- Chapter 151 Pathophysiology and causes of cardiac failureAlexandre Mebazaa and Mervyn Singer
- Chapter 152 Therapeutic strategy in cardiac failureAlexandre Mebazaa and Mervyn Singer
- Chapter 153 Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in the ICUAlain Combes and Nicolas Bréchot
- Chapter 154 Ventricular assist devices in the ICUAlain Combes
- Part 5.7 Tachyarrhythmias
- Chapter 155 Causes and diagnosis of tachyarrhythmiasAllan J. Walkey and David D. McManus
- Chapter 156 Therapeutic strategy in tachyarrhythmiasAllan J. Walkey and Jared Magnani
- Part 5.8 Bradyarrhythmias
- Chapter 157 Causes, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategy in bradyarrhythmiasHarminder S. Gill and Jaswinder S. Gill
- Part 5.9 Valvular problems
- Chapter 158 Causes and diagnosis of valvular problemsJason F. Deen and Karen K. Stout
- Chapter 159 Therapeutic strategy in valvular problemsJason F. Deen and Karen K. Stout
- Part 5.10 Endocarditis
- Chapter 160 Pathophysiology and causes of endocarditisFranck Thuny and Didier Raoult
- Chapter 161 Prevention and treatment of endocarditisDominique Grisoli and Didier Raoult
- Part 5.11 Severe hypertension
- Chapter 162 Pathophysiology and causes of severe hypertensionJerrold H. Levy and David Faraoni
- Chapter 163 Management of severe hypertension in the ICUJerrold H. Levy
- Part 5.12 Severe capillary leak
- Chapter 164 Pathophysiology of severe capillary leakAnatole Harrois and Jacques Duranteau
- Chapter 165 Management of acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedemaSébastien Tanaka and Jacques Duranteau
- Part 5.13 Pericardial tamponade
- Chapter 166 Pathophysiology and causes of pericardial tamponadeJohn R. Schairer and Steven J. Keteyian
- Chapter 167 Management of pericardial tamponadeSantanu Biswas and John J. Frank
- Part 5.14 Pulmonary hypertension
- Chapter 168 Pathophysiology and causes of pulmonary hypertensionLaura Price and S. John Wort
- Chapter 169 Diagnosis and management of pulmonary hypertensionPhilip Marino and Laura Price
- Part 5.15 Pulmonary embolus
- Part 5.1 Physiology
- Section 6 The gastrointestinal system
- Part 6.1 Physiology
- Chapter 172 Normal physiology of the gastrointestinal systemAnnika Reintam Blaser and Adam M. Deane
- Chapter 173 Normal physiology of the hepatic systemWilliam Bernal and Alberto Quaglia
- Part 6.2 Gastrointestinal monitoring
- Chapter 174 Imaging the abdomen in the critically illImran Khalid Niazi and Navin Ramachandran
- Chapter 175 Hepatic function in the critically illAndreas Kortgen and Michael Bauer
- Part 6.3 Gastrointestinal haemorrhage
- Chapter 176 Pathophysiology and causes of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhageTasneem Pirani and Tony Rahman
- Chapter 177 Diagnosis and management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in the critically illTasneem Pirani and Tony Rahman
- Chapter 178 Diagnosis and management of variceal bleeding in the critically illDeanna Blisard and Ali Al-Khafaji
- Chapter 179 Pathophysiology and causes of lower gastrointestinal haemorrhageLeslie M. Kobayashi and Raul Coimbra
- Chapter 180 Diagnosis and management of lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage in the critically illLeslie M. Kobayashi and Raul Coimbra
- Part 6.4 Disordered gastric motility
- Chapter 181 Vomiting and large nasogastric aspirates in the critically illTong J. Gan and John T. Lemm
- Chapter 182 Ileus and obstruction in the critically illPhilip Stevens and Paul Dark
- Chapter 183 Diarrhoea and constipation in the critically illGeoffrey J. Dobb
- Part 6.5 The acute abdomen in the ICU
- Chapter 184 Pathophysiology and management of raised intra-abdominal pressure in the critically illInneke E. De laet and Manu L. N. G. Malbrain
- Chapter 185 Perforated viscus in the critically illOri D. Rotstein
- Chapter 186 Ischaemic bowel in the critically illA. G. Peppelenbosch and Martijn Poeze
- Chapter 187 Intra-abdominal sepsis in the critically illJeffrey D. Doyle and John C. Marshall
- Chapter 188 Acute acalculous cholecystitis in the critically illVanessa P. Ho and Philip S. Barie
- Chapter 189 Management of the open abdomen and abdominal fistulae in the critically illPhilip Stevens and Gordon Carlson
- Part 6.6 Pancreatitis
- Chapter 190 Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and assessment of acute pancreatitisJames R. A. Skipworth and Stephen P. Pereira
- Chapter 191 Management of acute pancreatitis in the critically illRajkumar Rajendram
- Part 6.7 Jaundice
- Chapter 192 Pathophysiology and causes of jaundice in the critically illAnand D. Padmakumar and Mark C. Bellamy
- Chapter 193 Management of jaundice in the critically illAnand D. Padmakumar and Mark C. Bellamy
- Part 6.8 Acute hepatic failure
- Chapter 194 Pathophysiology and causes of acute hepatic failureSameer Patel and Julia Wendon
- Chapter 195 Diagnosis and assessment of acute hepatic failure in the critically illSameer Patel and Julia Wendon
- Chapter 196 Management of acute hepatic failure in the critically illDeepak Joshi and Georg Auzinger
- Chapter 197 The effect of acute hepatic failure on drug handling in the critically illAndreas Kortgen and Michael Bauer
- Chapter 198 Extracorporeal liver support devices in the ICURajiv Jalan and Banwari Agarwal
- Part 6.9 Acute on chronic hepatic failure
- Part 6.1 Physiology
- Section 7 Nutrition
- Part 7.1 Physiology
- Chapter 201 Normal physiology of nutritionAnnika Reintam Blaser and Adam M. Deane
- Chapter 202 The metabolic and nutritional response to critical illnessLinda-Jayne Mottram and Gavin G. Lavery
- Part 7.2 Nutritional failure
- Chapter 203 Pathophysiology of nutritional failure in the critically illJan Wernerman
- Chapter 204 Assessing nutritional status in the ICUPierre-Yves Egreteau and Jean-Michel Boles
- Chapter 205 Indirect calorimetry in the ICUJoseph L. Nates and Sharla K. Tajchman
- Chapter 206 Enteral nutrition in the ICUShaul Lev and Pierre Singer
- Chapter 207 Parenteral nutrition in the ICUJonathan Cohen and Shaul Lev
- Part 7.1 Physiology
- Section 8 The renal system
- Part 8.1 Physiology
- Chapter 208 Normal physiology of the renal systemBruce Andrew Cooper
- Part 8.2 Renal monitoring and risk prediction
- Chapter 209 Monitoring renal function in the critically illPaul M. Palevsky
- Chapter 210 Imaging the urinary tract in the critically illAndrew Lewington and Michael Weston
- Part 8.3 Oliguria and acute kidney injury
- Chapter 211 Pathophysiology of oliguria and acute kidney injuryRinaldo Bellomo and John R. Prowle
- Chapter 212 Diagnosis of oliguria and acute kidney injuryJohn A. Kellum
- Chapter 213 Management of oliguria and acute kidney injury in the critically illMohammed Ahmed and Sean M. Bagshaw
- Part 8.4 Renal replacement techniques
- Chapter 214 Continuous haemofiltration techniques in the critically illZaccaria Ricci and Claudio Ronco
- Chapter 215 Haemodialysis in the critically illRolando Claure-Del Granado and Ravindra L. Mehta
- Chapter 216 Peritoneal dialysis in the critically illJeffrey C. Sirota and Isaac Teitelbaum
- Part 8.5 Established renal failure
- Chapter 217 The effect of renal failure on drug handling in critical illnessMyrna Y. Munar and Ali J. Olyaei
- Chapter 218 The effect of chronic renal failure on critical illnessSinead Kinsella and John Holian
- Part 8.1 Physiology
- Section 9 The neurological system
- Part 9.1 Anatomy and physiology
- Chapter 219 Normal anatomy and physiology of the brainSimona Ferioli and Lori Shutter
- Chapter 220 Normal anatomy and physiology of the spinal cord and peripheral nervesSteve Casha and Philippe Mercier
- Part 9.2 Neurological monitoring
- Chapter 221 Electroencephalogram monitoring in the critically illPaul M. Vespa
- Chapter 222 Cerebral blood flow and perfusion monitoring in the critically illSamson Sujit Kumar Gaddam and Claudia S. Robertson
- Chapter 223 Intracranial pressure monitoring in the ICUJonathan K. J. Rhodes and Peter J. D. Andrews
- Chapter 224 Imaging the central nervous system in the critically illOlivier Bodart and Steven Laureys
- Part 9.3 Sleep disturbance
- Chapter 225 Pathophysiology and therapeutic strategy for sleep disturbance in the ICULouise Harder and Atul Malhotra
- Part 9.4 Agitation, confusion, and delirium
- Chapter 226 Causes and epidemiology of agitation, confusion, and delirium in the ICUEduard E. Vasilevskis and E. Wesley Ely
- Chapter 227 Assessment and therapeutic strategy for agitation, confusion, and delirium in the ICUMichele C. Balas and E. Wesley Ely
- Part 9.5 The unconscious patient
- Chapter 228 Causes and diagnosis of unconsciousnessRobert D. Stevens and Joshua Kornbluth
- Chapter 229 Management of unconsciousness in the ICUJoshua Kornbluth and Robert D. Stevens
- Chapter 230 Non-pharmacological neuroprotection in the ICUNiklas Nielsen and David B. Seder
- Part 9.6 Seizures
- Part 9.7 Intracranial hypertension
- Chapter 233 Causes and management of intracranial hypertensionNino Stocchetti and Andrew I. R. Maas
- Part 9.8 Stroke
- Chapter 234 Epidemiology of strokeCandice Delcourt and Craig Anderson
- Chapter 235 Diagnosis and assessment of strokeCandice Delcourt and Craig Anderson
- Chapter 236 Management of ischaemic strokeSully Xiomara Fuentes Patarroyo and Craig Anderson
- Chapter 237 Management of parenchymal haemorrhageCandice Delcourt and Craig Anderson
- Part 9.9 Non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage
- Chapter 238 Epidemiology, diagnosis, and assessment on non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhageChethan P. Venkatasubba Rao and Jose Ignacio Suarez
- Chapter 239 Management of non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage in the critically illChethan P. Venkatasubba Rao and Jose Ignacio Suarez
- Part 9.10 Meningitis and encephalitis
- Chapter 240 Epidemiology, diagnosis, and assessment of meningitis and encephalitisSimon Nadel and Johnny Canlas
- Chapter 241 Management of meningitis and encephalitis in the critically illSimon Nadel and Johnny Canlas
- Part 9.11 Non-traumatic spinal injury
- Chapter 242 Pathophysiology, causes, and management of non-traumatic spinal injuryOliver Flower and Matthew Mac Partlin
- Part 9.12 Neuromuscular syndromes
- Chapter 243 Epidemiology, diagnosis, and assessment of neuromuscular syndromesDavid Orlikowski and Tarek Sharshar
- Chapter 244 Diagnosis, assessment, and management of myasthenia gravis and paramyasthenic syndromesUgan Reddy and Nicholas Hirsch
- Chapter 245 Diagnosis, assessment, and management of tetanus, rabies, and botulismJeffrey Lipman and Robert J. Boots
- Chapter 246 Diagnosis, assessment, and management of Guillain–Barré syndromeDavid Brealey and Nicholas Hirsch
- Chapter 247 Diagnosis, assessment, and management of hyperthermic crisesKevin Thornton and Michael Gropper
- Chapter 248 Diagnosis, assessment, and management of ICU-acquired weaknessNicholas Hart and Tarek Sharshar
- Part 9.1 Anatomy and physiology
- Section 10 The metabolic and endocrine systems
- Part 10.1 Physiology
- Chapter 249 Normal physiology of the endocrine systemSimon Baudouin and Steve Ball
- Part 10.2 Electrolyte disturbance
- Chapter 250 Disorders of sodium in the critically illHoward L. Corwin and John K. McIlwaine
- Chapter 251 Disorders of potassium in the critically illMatthew C. Frise and Jonathan B. Salmon
- Chapter 252 Disorders of magnesium in the critically illFigen Esen
- Chapter 253 Disorders of calcium in the critically illMatthew R. Rosengart
- Chapter 254 Disorders of phosphate in the critically illDaniël A. Geerse and Marcus J. Schultz
- Part 10.3 Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis
- Chapter 255 Pathophysiology and causes of metabolic acidosis in the critically illPatrick J. Neligan and Clifford S. Deutschman
- Chapter 256 Management of metabolic acidosis in the critically illPatrick J. Neligan and Clifford S. Deutschman
- Chapter 257 Pathophysiology, causes, and management of metabolic alkalosis in the critically illSerge Brimioulle
- Part 10.4 Blood glucose control
- Chapter 258 Pathophysiology of glucose controlUlrike Madl
- Chapter 259 Glycaemic control in critical illnessSimon Finfer
- Chapter 260 Management of diabetic emergencies in the critically illDieter Mesotten and Sophie Van Cromphaut
- Part 10.5 Endocrine disorders
- Chapter 261 Pathophysiology and management of adrenal disorders in the critically illBala Venkatesh and Jeremy Cohen
- Chapter 262 Pathophysiology and management of pituitary disorders in the critically illYves Debaveye and Greet Van den Berghe
- Chapter 263 Pathophysiology and management of thyroid disorders in the critically illMichael O’Dwyer and David Watson
- Chapter 264 Pathophysiology and management of functional endocrine tumours in the critically illSara Nikravan and Frederick Mihm
- Part 10.1 Physiology
- Section 11 The haematological system
- Part 11.1 Laboratory monitoring
- Chapter 265 The blood cells and blood countTyler J. Albert and Erik R. Swenson
- Chapter 266 Coagulation monitoringGerhardus J. A. J. M. Kuiper and Hugo ten Cate
- Part 11.2 Haematological therapies
- Chapter 267 Blood product therapy in the ICULirong Qu and Darrell J. Triulzi
- Chapter 268 Apheresis in the ICUMarion Sternbach
- Part 11.3 Disordered coagulation
- Chapter 269 Pathophysiology of disordered coagulationSimon Stanworth and Stuart McKechnie
- Chapter 270 Disseminated intravascular coagulation in the critically illMarcel Levi and Marcus J. Schultz
- Chapter 271 Prevention and management of thrombosis in the critically illChee M. Chan and Andrew F. Shorr
- Chapter 272 Thrombocytopenia in the critically illJaimal Kothari and Marie Scully
- Part 11.4 Disorders of the blood cells
- Chapter 273 Pathophysiology and management of anaemia in the critically illTimothy Walsh
- Chapter 274 Pathophysiology and management of neutropenia in the critically illBenoit Champigneulle and Frédéric Pène
- Chapter 275 Sickle crisis in the critically illShilpa Jain and Mark T. Gladwin
- Part 11.1 Laboratory monitoring
- Section 12 The skin and connective tissue
- Part 12.1 Skin and connective tissue disorders
- Chapter 276 Assessment and management of dermatological problems in the critically illRichard Groves
- Chapter 277 Vasculitis in the critically illKarina A. Keogh
- Chapter 278 Rheumatoid arthritis in the critically illRodrigo Cartin-Ceba and Udaya B. S. Prakash
- Part 12.2 Wound and pressure sore management
- Chapter 279 Principles and prevention of pressure sores in the ICULaura Crawford and Ruth Kleinpell
- Chapter 280 Dressing techniques for wounds in the critically illRuth Kleinpell and Laura Crawford
- Part 12.1 Skin and connective tissue disorders
- Section 13 Infection
- Part 13.1 Diagnosis and surveillance
- Chapter 281 Microbiological surveillance in the critically ill A. P. R. Wilson
- Chapter 282 Novel biomarkers of infection in the critically ill David T. Huang and Ayan Sen
- Part 13.2 Nosocomial infection
- Chapter 283 Definition, epidemiology, and general management of nosocomial infection Caroline Landelle and Didier Pittet
- Chapter 284 Healthcare worker screening for nosocomial pathogens Paul Van Buynder and Elizabeth Brodkin
- Chapter 285 Environmental decontamination and isolation strategies in the ICU Leigh Ann Slater and Pamela A. Lipsett
- Chapter 286 Antimicrobial selection policies in the ICU David L. Paterson and Yoshiro Hayashi
- Chapter 287 Oral, nasopharyngeal, and gut decontamination in the ICU Evelien Oostdijk and Marc Bonten
- Chapter 288 Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of device-related infection in the ICU Walter Zingg and Stephan Harbarth
- Chapter 289 Antibiotic resistance in the ICU Jonathan Edgeworth
- Part 13.3 Infection in the immunocompromised
- Chapter 290 Drug-induced depression of immunity in the critically ill Russell J. McCulloh and Steven M. Opal
- Chapter 291 HIV in the critically ill Mark Hull and Steven C. Reynolds
- Part 13.4 Tropical diseases
- Chapter 292 Diagnosis and management of malaria in the ICU Christopher J. M. Whitty
- Chapter 293 Diagnosis and management of viral haemorrhagic fevers in the ICU Emersom C. Mesquita and Fernando A. Bozza
- Chapter 294 Other tropical diseases in the ICU Arjen M. Dondorp
- Part 13.5 Sepsis
- Chapter 295 Assessment of sepsis in the critically ill Osamudiamen Idahosa and David T. Huang
- Chapter 296 Management of sepsis in the critically ill Jon Sevransky
- Chapter 297 Pathophysiology of septic shock John M. Litell and Nathan I. Shapiro
- Chapter 298 Management of septic shock in the critically ill Sandra L. Peake and Matthew J. Maiden
- Part 13.1 Diagnosis and surveillance
- Section 14 Inflammation
- Part 14.1 Physiology
- Chapter 299 Innate immunity and the inflammatory cascadeMarianna Parlato and Jean-Marc Cavaillon
- Part 14.2 Organ-specific biomarkers
- Chapter 300 Brain injury biomarkers in the critically illPatrick M. Kochanek and Rachel P. Berger
- Chapter 301 Cardiac injury biomarkers in the critically illAnthony S. McLean and Stephen J. Huang
- Chapter 302 Renal injury biomarkers in the critically illJohn R. Prowle
- Part 14.3 Host response
- Chapter 303 The host response to infection in the critically illW. Joost Wiersinga and Tom van der Poll
- Chapter 304 The host response to trauma and burns in the critically illEdward A. Bittner and Shawn P. Fagan
- Chapter 305 The host response to hypoxia in the critically illRaghavan Raju and Irshad H. Chaudry
- Chapter 306 Host–pathogen interactions in the critically illGuillaume Geri and Jean-Paul Mira
- Chapter 307 Coagulation and the endothelium in acute injury in the critically illMarcel Levi and Tom van der Poll
- Chapter 308 Ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the critically illMitchell P. Fink
- Chapter 309 Repair and recovery mechanisms following critical illnessGeoffrey Bellingan and Brijesh V. Patel
- Chapter 310 Neural and endocrine function in the immune response to critical illnessGareth L. Ackland
- Chapter 311 Adaptive immunity in critical illnessSean F. Monaghan and Alfred Ayala
- Chapter 312 Immunomodulation strategies in the critically illAline B. Maddux and Gordon R. Bernard
- Chapter 313 Immunoparesis in the critically illFabienne Venet and Alain Lepape
- Part 14.4 Anaphylaxis
- Chapter 314 Pathophysiology and management of anaphylaxis in the critically illJames Keegan and Charles D. Deakin
- Part 14.1 Physiology
- Section 15 Poisoning
- Part 15.1 Principles of management
- Chapter 315 Role of toxicology assessment in poisoningAlbert Jaeger
- Chapter 316 Decontamination and enhanced elimination of poisonsDarren M. Roberts
- Part 15.2 Management of specific poisons
- Chapter 317 Management of salicylate poisoningBrenna M. Farmer and Neal Flomenbaum
- Chapter 318 Management of acetaminophen (paracetamol) poisoningMichael Levine
- Chapter 319 Management of opioid poisoningAlison L. Jones
- Chapter 320 Management of benzodiazepine poisoningPhilippe Lheureux and Marc Van Nuffelen
- Chapter 321 Management of tricyclic antidepressant poisoningGiorgio Berlot and Ariella Tomasini
- Chapter 322 Management of poisoning by amphetamine or ecstasyEnno Freye
- Chapter 323 Management of digoxin poisoningFrédéric Lapostolle and Stephen W. Borron
- Chapter 324 Management of cocaine poisoningNicholas J. Johnson and Judd E. Hollander
- Chapter 325 Management of β-blocker and calcium channel blocker poisoningGeoffrey Isbister and Colin Page
- Chapter 326 Management of cyanide poisoningStephen W. Borron
- Chapter 327 Management of alcohol poisoningKnut Erik Hovda and Dag Jacobsen
- Chapter 328 Management of carbon monoxide poisoningDjillali Annane and B. Jérôme Aboab
- Chapter 329 Management of corrosive poisoningRam E. Rajagopalan
- Chapter 330 Management of pesticide and agricultural chemical poisoningElspeth J. Hulse and Michael Eddleston
- Chapter 331 Management of radiation poisoningFrancis Chin Kuok Choon and Phua Dong Haur
- Part 15.1 Principles of management
- Section 16 Trauma
- Part 16.1 Multiple trauma
- Chapter 332 A systematic approach to the injured patientClay Cothren Burlew and Ernest E. Moore
- Chapter 333 Pathophysiology and management of thoracic injuryGraciela Bauzá and Ayodeji Nubi
- Chapter 334 Pathophysiology and management of abdominal injurySteven B. Johnson
- Chapter 335 Management of vascular injuriesRamyar Gilani and Kenneth L. Mattox
- Chapter 336 Management of limb and pelvic injuriesOmar Sabri and Martin Bircher
- Chapter 337 Assessment and management of fat embolismNeil Soni
- Chapter 338 Assessment and management of combat traumaSara J. Aberle and Donald H. Jenkins
- Part 16.2 Ballistic trauma
- Chapter 339 Pathophysiology of ballistic traumaMichael C. Reade and Peter D. Thomas
- Chapter 340 Assessment and management of ballistic traumaTimothy Hooper and David Lockey
- Part 16.3 Traumatic brain injury
- Chapter 341 Epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injuryImoigele Aisiku and Claudia S. Robertson
- Chapter 342 Assessment of traumatic brain injuryPeter J. D. Andrews and Jonathan K. J. Rhodes
- Chapter 343 Management of traumatic brain injuryAlistair A. Gibson and Peter J. D. Andrews
- Part 16.4 Spinal cord injury
- Chapter 344 Assessment and immediate management of spinal cord injurySimon Finfer and Oliver Flower
- Chapter 345 Ongoing management of the tetraplegic patient in the ICUOliver Flower and Raymond Raper
- Part 16.5 Burns
- Chapter 346 Pathophysiology and assessment of burnsJohn A. M. Paro and Geoffrey C. Gurtner
- Chapter 347 Management of burns in the ICUShahriar Shahrokhi and Marc G. Jeschke
- Part 16.1 Multiple trauma
- Section 17 Physical disorders
- Part 17.1 Drowning
- Chapter 348 Pathophysiology and management of drowningJerome H. Modell and Sean Kiley
- Part 17.2 Electrocution
- Chapter 349 Pathophysiology and management of electrocutionJeffrey S. Neiger and Richard G. Trohman
- Part 17.3 Altitude- and depth-related disorders
- Chapter 350 Pathophysiology and management of altitude-related disordersDaniel S. Martin and Michael P. W. Grocott
- Chapter 351 Pathophysiology and management of depth-related disordersPeter Radermacher and Claus-Martin Muth
- Part 17.4 Temperature related disorders
- Chapter 352 Pathophysiology and management of feverGabriele Bassi and Roberto Fumagalli
- Chapter 353 Pathophysiology and management of hyperthermiaAbderrezak Bouchama
- Chapter 354 Pathophysiology and management of hypothermiaColin Ferguson
- Part 17.5 Rhabdomyolysis
- Chapter 355 Pathophysiology and management of rhabdomyolysisJosep M. Grau and Esteban Poch
- Part 17.1 Drowning
- Section 18 Pain and sedation
- Part 18.1 Pain
- Chapter 356 Pathophysiology and assessment of painRebecca E. Martin and Ross D. MacPherson
- Chapter 357 Pain management in the critically illRoss D. MacPherson
- Part 18.2 Sedation
- Chapter 358 Sedation assessment in the critically illGiovanni Mistraletti and Gaetano Iapichino
- Chapter 359 Management of sedation in the critically illBhakti K. Patel and John P. Kress
- Part 18.1 Pain
- Section 19 General surgical and obstetric intensive care
- Part 19.1 Optimization strategies for the high-risk surgical patient
- Chapter 360 Identification of the high-risk surgical patientRupert Pearse and Stephen James
- Chapter 361 Peri-operative optimization of the high risk surgical patientMonty Mythen and Michael P. W. Grocott
- Part 19.2 General post-operative intensive care
- Chapter 362 Post-operative ventilatory dysfunction management in the ICUPaolo Chiarandini and Giorgio Della Rocca
- Chapter 363 Post-operative fluid and circulatory management in the ICUClaudia Ebm and Andrew Rhodes
- Chapter 364 Enhanced surgical recovery programmes in the ICUMichael J. Scott and Monty Mythen
- Part 19.3 Obstetric intensive care
- Chapter 365 Obstetric physiology and special considerations in ICUPatrick J. Neligan and John G. Laffey
- Chapter 366 Pathophysiology and management of pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndromeMuna Noori and Catherine Nelson-Piercy
- Chapter 367 Obstetric Disorders in the ICUAndrew Levinson and Ghada Bourjeily
- Part 19.1 Optimization strategies for the high-risk surgical patient
- Section 20 Specialized intensive care
- Part 20.1 Specialized surgical intensive care
- Chapter 368 Intensive care management after cardiothoracic surgeryMatthew Barnard and Nicola Jones
- Chapter 369 Intensive care management after neurosurgeryKamalakkannan Subhas and Martin Smith
- Chapter 370 Intensive care management after vascular surgeryAlexander Timothy Dewhurst and Brigitta Brandner
- Chapter 371 Intensive care management in hepatic and other abdominal organ transplantationIvonne M. Daly and Ali Al-Khafaji
- Chapter 372 Intensive care management in cardiac transplantationKeshava Rajagopal and Bartley P. Griffith
- Chapter 373 Intensive care management in lung transplantationKeshava Rajagopal and Bartley P. Griffith
- Part 20.2 Oncological intensive care
- Chapter 374 ICU selection and outcome of patients with haematological malignancyWilliam M. Townsend and Emma C. Morris
- Chapter 375 Management of the bone marrow transplant recipient in ICUAndrew Retter
- Chapter 376 Management of oncological complications in the ICUNiall S. MacCallum
- Part 20.1 Specialized surgical intensive care
- Section 21 Recovery from critical illness
- Part 21.1 In-hospital recovery from critical illness
- Chapter 377 Chronic critical illnessCatherine L. Hough
- Chapter 378 Promoting physical recovery in critical illnessGregory A. Schmidt and Kevin Doerschug
- Chapter 379 Promoting renal recovery in critical illnessNattachai Srisawat and John A. Kellum
- Chapter 380 Recovering from critical illness in hospitalSaxon Ridley
- Part 21.2 Complications of critical illness
- Chapter 381 Physical consequences of critical illnessMargaret S. Herridge and Jane Batt
- Chapter 382 Neurocognitive impairment after critical illnessRamona O. Hopkins and James C. Jackson
- Chapter 383 Affective and mood disorders after critical illnessDaniel W. Klyce and James C. Jackson
- Part 21.3 Out-of-hospital support after critical illness
- Chapter 384 Long-term weaning centres in critical careJeremy M. Kahn
- Chapter 385 The ICU survivor clinicPriya Das and Carl Waldmann
- Chapter 386 Rehabilitation from critical illness after hospital dischargeLaura Vincent and Carl Waldmann
- Part 21.1 In-hospital recovery from critical illness
- Section 22 End-of-life care
- Part 22.1 Withdrawing and withholding treatment
- Chapter 387 Ethical decision making in withdrawing and withholding treatment Margaret Isaac and Jared Randall Curtis
- Chapter 388 Management of the dying patient Judith E. Nelson and Aluko A. Hope
- Part 22.2 Management of the potential organ donor
- Chapter 389 Beating heart organ donation Martin Smith
- Chapter 390 Non-heart-beating organ donation Mohamed Y. Rady and Ari R. Joffe
- Part 22.3 Post-mortem diagnosis
- Chapter 391 Post-mortem examination in the ICU Eva Tejerina and Andrés Esteban
- Part 22.1 Withdrawing and withholding treatment
- End Matter