- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Contributors
- List of abbreviations
- Part I Coronary heart disease
- Chapter 1 Epidemiology, outcomes, and quality of care
- Chapter 2 Lipids and cardiovascular disease
- Chapter 3 Myocardial ischaemia
- Chapter 4 Thrombosis, haemostasis, and platelet biology
- Chapter 5 Medical versus invasive management of coronary heart disease
- Chapter 6 Percutaneous coronary intervention
- Chapter 7 Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass graft surgery
- Part II Cardiac electrophysiology and heart rhythm disturbances
- Chapter 8 Epidemiology and molecular foundation
- Chapter 9 Atrial fibrillation
- Chapter 10 Interventional electrophysiology
- Chapter 11 Anti-arrhythmic drug therapy
- Part III Heart failure
- Chapter 12 Epidemiology
- Chapter 13 Medical management
- Chapter 14 Cardiac resynchronization therapy
- Chapter 15 Non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy
- Chapter 16 Cardiac failure and transplantation
- Part IV Hypertension
- Chapter 17 Systemic arterial hypertension
- Chapter 18 Pulmonary arterial hypertension
- Part V Valvular heart disease
- Chapter 19 Epidemiology and intervention
- Chapter 20 Endocarditis
- Part VI Cardiac imaging
- Chapter 21 Echocardiography
- Chapter 22 Cardiovascular magnetic resonance
- Chapter 23 Cardiac computed tomography
- Part VII Congenital heart disease
- Chapter 24 Congenital heart disease
- Part VIII Obstetric cardiology
- Chapter 25 Obstetric cardiology
- Part IX Cardiac rehabilitation
- Chapter 26 Cardiac rehabilitation
- Index
(p. 241) Cardiac resynchronization therapy
- Chapter:
- (p. 241) Cardiac resynchronization therapy
- Author(s):
Dr Ricardo Petraco
, Dr Ricardo Petraco
, Dr Larry Mulligan
, and Dr Francisco Leyva
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780199594764.003.0014
The effect of heart failure on survival is comparable to cancer. Despite advances in pharmacological therapy, over half of all patients die within four years of the diagnosis and more than a third die within one year of a first hospitalization. In addition, heart failure has a devastating effect on quality of life, similar to that associated with a stroke, chronic haemodyalisis, and motor neurone disease.
The development of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) over the past decade marks a new era of device therapy for patients with heart failure. Evidence supporting CRT initially emerged from single case studies and small patient series. Subsequently, the findings of large randomized controlled trials have placed CRT firmly within clinical guidelines for the treatment of heart failure. The increasing demand for CRT is testament to the evidence-based practice that characterises modern cardiology.
This is an opportune time to reflect on the history of CRT research. From over 3000 published studies and reviews on the subject, we have selected the ten papers which we feel most adequately represent the evolution of CRT research over the years. Prominent in our approach for this review is the intention to illustrate how research has evolved from exploration of first principles to the emergence of clinically applicable findings from randomized controlled trials.
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- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Contributors
- List of abbreviations
- Part I Coronary heart disease
- Chapter 1 Epidemiology, outcomes, and quality of care
- Chapter 2 Lipids and cardiovascular disease
- Chapter 3 Myocardial ischaemia
- Chapter 4 Thrombosis, haemostasis, and platelet biology
- Chapter 5 Medical versus invasive management of coronary heart disease
- Chapter 6 Percutaneous coronary intervention
- Chapter 7 Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass graft surgery
- Part II Cardiac electrophysiology and heart rhythm disturbances
- Chapter 8 Epidemiology and molecular foundation
- Chapter 9 Atrial fibrillation
- Chapter 10 Interventional electrophysiology
- Chapter 11 Anti-arrhythmic drug therapy
- Part III Heart failure
- Chapter 12 Epidemiology
- Chapter 13 Medical management
- Chapter 14 Cardiac resynchronization therapy
- Chapter 15 Non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy
- Chapter 16 Cardiac failure and transplantation
- Part IV Hypertension
- Chapter 17 Systemic arterial hypertension
- Chapter 18 Pulmonary arterial hypertension
- Part V Valvular heart disease
- Chapter 19 Epidemiology and intervention
- Chapter 20 Endocarditis
- Part VI Cardiac imaging
- Chapter 21 Echocardiography
- Chapter 22 Cardiovascular magnetic resonance
- Chapter 23 Cardiac computed tomography
- Part VII Congenital heart disease
- Chapter 24 Congenital heart disease
- Part VIII Obstetric cardiology
- Chapter 25 Obstetric cardiology
- Part IX Cardiac rehabilitation
- Chapter 26 Cardiac rehabilitation
- Index