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The abdomen 

The abdomen
Chapter:
The abdomen
Author(s):

James Thomas

, Tanya Monaghan

, and Prarthana Thiagarajan

DOI:
10.1093/med/9780199593972.003.0007_update_001

Update:

Jaundice and pruritus

Jaundice

Box 7.12 Causes of jaundice

The term ‘primary biliary cirrhosis’ has been replaced by the term ‘primary biliary cholangitis’ in international liver guidelines as of 2015.

Important presentations

Perianal disease

Haemorrhoids

Lord’s classification also includes Grade 4: prolapse, non-reducible.

Chapter updated by Prarthana Thiagarajan

Updated on 11 October 2018. The previous version of this content can be found here.
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date: 29 June 2022

Introduction

History

Swallowing symptoms

Nausea and vomiting

Abdominal pain

Bowel habit

Generalized abdominal swelling

Jaundice and pruritus

Appetite and weight

Lower urinary tract symptoms

The rest of the history

Examination

Outline examination

Inspection: hands

Inspection: upper limbs

Inspection: face

Inspection: neck and chest

Inspection: abdomen

Stomas

Abdominal scars 1: open surgery

Abdominal scars 2: laparoscopic

Palpation: general

Palpation: aorta

Palpation: liver and gallbladder

Palpation: spleen

Palpation: kidneys and bladder

Palpation: herniae

Percussion

Auscultation

‘Per rectum’ examination

Important presentations

The elderly patient

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