- Part 1 Principles of international endocrine practice
- Part 2 Pituitary and hypothalamic diseases
- Part 3 The thyroid
- Part 4 Parathyroid, calcium, and bone metabolism
- Part 5 The adrenal gland and endocrine hypertension
- Part 6 Neuroendocrine tumours and genetic disorders
- Part 7 Growth and development during childhood
- Part 8 Female endocrinology and pregnancy
- Part 9 Male hypogonadism and infertility
- Part 10 Endocrinology of ageing and systemic disease
- Part 11 Endocrinology of cancer
- Part 12 Obesity, lipids, and metabolic disorders
- Part 13 Diabetes mellitus
- 13.1 Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
- 13.2 Aetiology and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus
- 13.3 Aetiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus
- 13.4 Management of diabetes mellitus
- 13.4.1 Clinical features, lifestyle management, and glycaemic targets in type 2 diabetes mellitus
- 13.4.2 Pharmacological therapy of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus
- 13.4.3 Diabetes in diverse ethnic groups
- 13.4.4 Structured education for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus
- 13.4.5 Metabolic surgery in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
- 13.4.6 Management of type 1 diabetes mellitus
- 13.4.7 Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in children
- 13.4.8 Hypoglycaemia in the treatment of diabetes mellitus
- 13.4.9 Non-biological technologies in glucose sensing
- 13.4.10 Management of diabetes mellitus in special situations
- 13.5 Microvascular complications
- 13.6 Macrovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus
- 13.7 The diabetic foot
- 13.8 Mental health and diabetes mellitus
- 13.9 Organization of diabetes care
- 13.10 Transplantation in Diabetes
- 13.11 Gene therapy in diabetes mellitus
(p. 1773) Management of diabetes mellitus
Type 2 diabetes—previously named ‘maturity-onset diabetes’ or ‘non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus’—was, in the past, generally diagnosed in individuals over the age of 40 years old, but, with the modern epidemic, is found in increasing numbers in younger people, including teenagers and children. It is strongly associated with overweight and obese individuals, and tends to run in families. This feature may be environmental, since being overweight also runs in families, but there are specific genes for obesity (1). Type 2 diabetes that occurs in younger individuals with a very strong family history of early-onset diabetes may be the autosomally dominant ‘maturity-onset diabetes of the young’ (MODY) (see Chapter 13.3.4).
In an environment where there is a pandemic of diabetes, one should maintain a very high level of suspicion of diabetes in those who are overweight—in the USA, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is running at 8% of the population, and, in South India and Sri Lanka, at up to 18% in urban communities (2).
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- Part 1 Principles of international endocrine practice
- Part 2 Pituitary and hypothalamic diseases
- Part 3 The thyroid
- Part 4 Parathyroid, calcium, and bone metabolism
- Part 5 The adrenal gland and endocrine hypertension
- Part 6 Neuroendocrine tumours and genetic disorders
- Part 7 Growth and development during childhood
- Part 8 Female endocrinology and pregnancy
- Part 9 Male hypogonadism and infertility
- Part 10 Endocrinology of ageing and systemic disease
- Part 11 Endocrinology of cancer
- Part 12 Obesity, lipids, and metabolic disorders
- Part 13 Diabetes mellitus
- 13.1 Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
- 13.2 Aetiology and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus
- 13.3 Aetiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus
- 13.4 Management of diabetes mellitus
- 13.4.1 Clinical features, lifestyle management, and glycaemic targets in type 2 diabetes mellitus
- 13.4.2 Pharmacological therapy of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus
- 13.4.3 Diabetes in diverse ethnic groups
- 13.4.4 Structured education for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus
- 13.4.5 Metabolic surgery in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
- 13.4.6 Management of type 1 diabetes mellitus
- 13.4.7 Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in children
- 13.4.8 Hypoglycaemia in the treatment of diabetes mellitus
- 13.4.9 Non-biological technologies in glucose sensing
- 13.4.10 Management of diabetes mellitus in special situations
- 13.5 Microvascular complications
- 13.6 Macrovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus
- 13.7 The diabetic foot
- 13.8 Mental health and diabetes mellitus
- 13.9 Organization of diabetes care
- 13.10 Transplantation in Diabetes
- 13.11 Gene therapy in diabetes mellitus