- 1 On being a patient
- 2 Modern medicine: foundations, achievements, and limitations
- 3 Global patterns of disease and medical practice
- 4 Cell biology
- 5 Immunological mechanisms
- 6 Principles of clinical oncology
- 7 Infection
- 8 Sexually transmitted diseases and sexual health
- 9 Chemical and physical injuries and environmental factors and disease
- 10 Clinical pharmacology
- 11 Nutrition
- 12 Metabolic disorders
- 13 Endocrine disorders
- 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- 15 Gastroenterological disorders
- 16 Cardiovascular disorders
- 17 Critical care medicine
- 18 Respiratory disorders
- 19 Rheumatological disorders
- 20 Disorders of the skeleton
- 21 Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
- 22 Disorders of the blood
- 22.1 Introduction
- 22.2 Haemopoietic stem cells
- 22.3 The leukaemias and other bone marrow disorders
- 22.3.1 Cell and molecular biology of human leukaemias
- 22.3.2 The classification of leukaemia
- 22.3.3 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
- 22.3.4 Acute myeloid leukaemia
- 22.3.5 Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
- 22.3.6 Chronic myeloid leukaemia
- 22.3.7 Myelodysplasia
- 22.3.8 The polycythaemias
- 22.3.9 Primary myelofibrosis
- 22.3.10 Thrombocytosis
- 22.3.11 Aplastic anaemia and pure red cell aplasia
- 22.3.12 Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
- 22.4 The white cells and lymphoproliferative disorders
- 22.5 The red cell
- 22.6 Haemostasis and thrombosis
- 22.7 The blood in systemic disease
- 22.8 Blood replacement
- 23 Disorders of the skin
- 24 Neurological disorders
- 25 The eye
- 26 Psychiatry and drug related problems
- 27 Forensic medicine
- 28 Sports medicine
- 29 Geratology
- 30 Pain
- 31 Palliative medicine
- 32 Biochemistry in medicine
- 33 Acute medicine
(p. 4214) Cell and molecular biology of human leukaemias
- Chapter:
- (p. 4214) Cell and molecular biology of human leukaemias
- Author(s):
Alejandro Gutierrez
and A. Thomas Look
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.220301
The human leukaemias arise when haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells acquire genetic alterations that lead to malignant transformation, following which affected cells can exhibit differentiation arrest in any lineage and at any stage of maturation.
Genetic alterations leading to leukaemia—a recurring theme is that the genes most frequently altered are those with evolutionarily conserved roles in the embryological development of various cell lineages and organ systems, including (but not limited to) genes that control normal haematopoiesis. The molecular genetic alterations that drive leukaemogenesis can generally be characterized into lesions affecting transcription factors and those that aberrantly activate signal transduction pathways, which often occur via activating mutations in tyrosine kinases....
Access to the complete content on Oxford Medicine Online requires a subscription or purchase. Public users are able to search the site and view the abstracts for each book and chapter without a subscription.
Please subscribe or login to access full text content.
If you have purchased a print title that contains an access token, please see the token for information about how to register your code.
For questions on access or troubleshooting, please check our FAQs, and if you can't find the answer there, please contact us.
- 1 On being a patient
- 2 Modern medicine: foundations, achievements, and limitations
- 3 Global patterns of disease and medical practice
- 4 Cell biology
- 5 Immunological mechanisms
- 6 Principles of clinical oncology
- 7 Infection
- 8 Sexually transmitted diseases and sexual health
- 9 Chemical and physical injuries and environmental factors and disease
- 10 Clinical pharmacology
- 11 Nutrition
- 12 Metabolic disorders
- 13 Endocrine disorders
- 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- 15 Gastroenterological disorders
- 16 Cardiovascular disorders
- 17 Critical care medicine
- 18 Respiratory disorders
- 19 Rheumatological disorders
- 20 Disorders of the skeleton
- 21 Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
- 22 Disorders of the blood
- 22.1 Introduction
- 22.2 Haemopoietic stem cells
- 22.3 The leukaemias and other bone marrow disorders
- 22.3.1 Cell and molecular biology of human leukaemias
- 22.3.2 The classification of leukaemia
- 22.3.3 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
- 22.3.4 Acute myeloid leukaemia
- 22.3.5 Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
- 22.3.6 Chronic myeloid leukaemia
- 22.3.7 Myelodysplasia
- 22.3.8 The polycythaemias
- 22.3.9 Primary myelofibrosis
- 22.3.10 Thrombocytosis
- 22.3.11 Aplastic anaemia and pure red cell aplasia
- 22.3.12 Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
- 22.4 The white cells and lymphoproliferative disorders
- 22.5 The red cell
- 22.6 Haemostasis and thrombosis
- 22.7 The blood in systemic disease
- 22.8 Blood replacement
- 23 Disorders of the skin
- 24 Neurological disorders
- 25 The eye
- 26 Psychiatry and drug related problems
- 27 Forensic medicine
- 28 Sports medicine
- 29 Geratology
- 30 Pain
- 31 Palliative medicine
- 32 Biochemistry in medicine
- 33 Acute medicine