- 1 On being a patient
- 2 Modern medicine: foundations, achievements, and limitations
- 3 Global patterns of disease and medical practice
- 4 Cell biology
- 5 Immunological mechanisms
- 6 Principles of clinical oncology
- 7 Infection
- 8 Sexually transmitted diseases and sexual health
- 9 Chemical and physical injuries and environmental factors and disease
- 10 Clinical pharmacology
- 11 Nutrition
- 12 Metabolic disorders
- 13 Endocrine disorders
- 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- 15 Gastroenterological disorders
- 16 Cardiovascular disorders
- 17 Critical care medicine
- 18 Respiratory disorders
- 19 Rheumatological disorders
- 20 Disorders of the skeleton
- 21 Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
- 21.1 Structure and function of the kidney
- 21.2 Electrolyte disorders
- 21.3 Clinical presentation of renal disease
- 21.4 Clinical investigation of renal disease
- 21.5 Acute kidney injury
- 21.6 Chronic kidney disease
- 21.7 Renal replacement therapy
- 21.8 Glomerular diseases
- 21.9 Tubulointerstitial diseases
- 21.10 The kidney in systemic disease
- 21.11 Renal diseases in the tropics
- 21.12 Renal involvement in genetic disease
- 21.13 Urinary tract infection
- 21.14 Disorders of renal calcium handling, urinary stones, and nephrocalcinosis
- 21.15 The renal tubular acidoses
- 21.16 Disorders of tubular electrolyte handling
- 21.17 Urinary tract obstruction
- 21.18 Malignant diseases of the urinary tract
- 21.19 Drugs and the kidney
- 22 Disorders of the blood
- 23 Disorders of the skin
- 24 Neurological disorders
- 25 The eye
- 26 Psychiatry and drug related problems
- 27 Forensic medicine
- 28 Sports medicine
- 29 Geratology
- 30 Pain
- 31 Palliative medicine
- 32 Biochemistry in medicine
- 33 Acute medicine
(p. 3904) Chronic kidney disease
- Chapter:
- (p. 3904) Chronic kidney disease
- Author(s):
Eberhard Ritz
, and Tilman B. Drüeke
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.2106_update_001
Update: Enhanced discussion of (1) increased mortality associated with very modest increase in proteinuria; (2) effect of blood pressure control on progression—new trial in African American patients with hypertensive kidney disease; (3) use of newer phosphate binders and the calcimimetic, cinacalcet; (4) timing of initiation of dialysis.
Definition—chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as kidney damage lasting for more than 3 months characterized by structural or functional abnormalities of the kidney, with or without decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
Staging—CKD has been subdivided into five stages depending on the estimated GFR (eGFR), as described in ...
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- 1 On being a patient
- 2 Modern medicine: foundations, achievements, and limitations
- 3 Global patterns of disease and medical practice
- 4 Cell biology
- 5 Immunological mechanisms
- 6 Principles of clinical oncology
- 7 Infection
- 8 Sexually transmitted diseases and sexual health
- 9 Chemical and physical injuries and environmental factors and disease
- 10 Clinical pharmacology
- 11 Nutrition
- 12 Metabolic disorders
- 13 Endocrine disorders
- 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- 15 Gastroenterological disorders
- 16 Cardiovascular disorders
- 17 Critical care medicine
- 18 Respiratory disorders
- 19 Rheumatological disorders
- 20 Disorders of the skeleton
- 21 Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
- 21.1 Structure and function of the kidney
- 21.2 Electrolyte disorders
- 21.3 Clinical presentation of renal disease
- 21.4 Clinical investigation of renal disease
- 21.5 Acute kidney injury
- 21.6 Chronic kidney disease
- 21.7 Renal replacement therapy
- 21.8 Glomerular diseases
- 21.9 Tubulointerstitial diseases
- 21.10 The kidney in systemic disease
- 21.11 Renal diseases in the tropics
- 21.12 Renal involvement in genetic disease
- 21.13 Urinary tract infection
- 21.14 Disorders of renal calcium handling, urinary stones, and nephrocalcinosis
- 21.15 The renal tubular acidoses
- 21.16 Disorders of tubular electrolyte handling
- 21.17 Urinary tract obstruction
- 21.18 Malignant diseases of the urinary tract
- 21.19 Drugs and the kidney
- 22 Disorders of the blood
- 23 Disorders of the skin
- 24 Neurological disorders
- 25 The eye
- 26 Psychiatry and drug related problems
- 27 Forensic medicine
- 28 Sports medicine
- 29 Geratology
- 30 Pain
- 31 Palliative medicine
- 32 Biochemistry in medicine
- 33 Acute medicine