- 1 On being a patient
- 2 Modern medicine: foundations, achievements, and limitations
- 3 Global patterns of disease and medical practice
- 4 Cell biology
- 5 Immunological mechanisms
- 6 Principles of clinical oncology
- 7 Infection
- 8 Sexually transmitted diseases and sexual health
- 9 Chemical and physical injuries and environmental factors and disease
- 10 Clinical pharmacology
- 11 Nutrition
- 12 Metabolic disorders
- 13 Endocrine disorders
- 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- 15 Gastroenterological disorders
- 16 Cardiovascular disorders
- 16.1 Structure and function
- 16.2 Clinical presentation of heart disease
- 16.3 Clinical investigation of cardiac disorders
- 16.4 Cardiac arrhythmias
- 16.5 Cardiac failure
- 16.6 Heart valve disease
- 16.7 Diseases of heart muscle
- 16.8 Pericardial disease
- 16.9 Cardiac involvement in infectious disease
- 16.10 Tumours of the heart
- 16.11 Cardiac involvement in genetic disease
- 16.12 Congenital heart disease in the adult
- 16.13 Coronary heart disease
- 16.14 Diseases of the arteries
- 16.14.1 Acute aortic syndromes
- 16.14.2 Peripheral arterial disease
- 16.14.3 Cholesterol embolism
- 16.14.4 Takayasu’s arteritis
- 16.15 The pulmonary circulation
- 16.16 Venous thromboembolism
- 16.17 Hypertension
- 16.18 Chronic peripheral oedema and lymphoedema
- 16.19 Idiopathic oedema of women
- 17 Critical care medicine
- 18 Respiratory disorders
- 19 Rheumatological disorders
- 20 Disorders of the skeleton
- 21 Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
- 22 Disorders of the blood
- 23 Disorders of the skin
- 24 Neurological disorders
- 25 The eye
- 26 Psychiatry and drug related problems
- 27 Forensic medicine
- 28 Sports medicine
- 29 Geratology
- 30 Pain
- 31 Palliative medicine
- 32 Biochemistry in medicine
- 33 Acute medicine
Takayasu’s arteritis
- Chapter:
- Takayasu’s arteritis
- Author(s):
Yasushi Kobayashi
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.161404_update_003
Update:
Classification – revised. Management – use of anti-TNF-? therapy and anti-IL-6 receptor therapy in refractory cases.
Takayasu’s arteritis is a chronic granulomatous vasculitis of unknown cause characterized by stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysm of large elastic arteries, mainly the aorta and its branches. It mainly affects young women, predominantly in Asian, Middle Eastern, and South American countries.
Clinical presentation—symptoms in the acute stage are nonspecific, such as general fatigue and fever, which can persist for months to years. Symptoms in the chronic stage depend on the anatomical location of the vascular lesions, with typical complaints relating to ischaemia of the brain, eyes, or arms. The commonest finding on physical examination is a weak or absent pulse in one or both brachial, radial, and/or ulnar arteries. Bruits can often be heard over affected arteries. Hypertension and aortic insufficiency are strongly associated with poor prognosis....
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- 1 On being a patient
- 2 Modern medicine: foundations, achievements, and limitations
- 3 Global patterns of disease and medical practice
- 4 Cell biology
- 5 Immunological mechanisms
- 6 Principles of clinical oncology
- 7 Infection
- 8 Sexually transmitted diseases and sexual health
- 9 Chemical and physical injuries and environmental factors and disease
- 10 Clinical pharmacology
- 11 Nutrition
- 12 Metabolic disorders
- 13 Endocrine disorders
- 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- 15 Gastroenterological disorders
- 16 Cardiovascular disorders
- 16.1 Structure and function
- 16.2 Clinical presentation of heart disease
- 16.3 Clinical investigation of cardiac disorders
- 16.4 Cardiac arrhythmias
- 16.5 Cardiac failure
- 16.6 Heart valve disease
- 16.7 Diseases of heart muscle
- 16.8 Pericardial disease
- 16.9 Cardiac involvement in infectious disease
- 16.10 Tumours of the heart
- 16.11 Cardiac involvement in genetic disease
- 16.12 Congenital heart disease in the adult
- 16.13 Coronary heart disease
- 16.14 Diseases of the arteries
- 16.14.1 Acute aortic syndromes
- 16.14.2 Peripheral arterial disease
- 16.14.3 Cholesterol embolism
- 16.14.4 Takayasu’s arteritis
- 16.15 The pulmonary circulation
- 16.16 Venous thromboembolism
- 16.17 Hypertension
- 16.18 Chronic peripheral oedema and lymphoedema
- 16.19 Idiopathic oedema of women
- 17 Critical care medicine
- 18 Respiratory disorders
- 19 Rheumatological disorders
- 20 Disorders of the skeleton
- 21 Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
- 22 Disorders of the blood
- 23 Disorders of the skin
- 24 Neurological disorders
- 25 The eye
- 26 Psychiatry and drug related problems
- 27 Forensic medicine
- 28 Sports medicine
- 29 Geratology
- 30 Pain
- 31 Palliative medicine
- 32 Biochemistry in medicine
- 33 Acute medicine