- 1 On being a patient
- 2 Modern medicine: foundations, achievements, and limitations
- 3 Global patterns of disease and medical practice
- 4 Cell biology
- 5 Immunological mechanisms
- 6 Principles of clinical oncology
- 7 Infection
- 8 Sexually transmitted diseases and sexual health
- 9 Chemical and physical injuries and environmental factors and disease
- 10 Clinical pharmacology
- 11 Nutrition
- 12 Metabolic disorders
- 12.1 The inborn errors of metabolism: general aspects
- 12.2 Protein-dependent inborn errors of metabolism
- 12.3 Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism
- 12.4 Disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism
- 12.5 The porphyrias
- 12.6 Lipid and lipoprotein disorders
- 12.7 Trace metal disorders
- 12.8 Lysosomal disease
- 12.9 Disorders of peroxisomal metabolism in adults
- 12.10 Hereditary disorders of oxalate metabolism—the primary hyperoxalurias
- 12.11 Disturbances of acid–base homeostasis
- 12.12 The acute phase response, amyloidoses and familial Mediterranean fever
- 12.13 <span xml:lang="ell">α</span><sub>1</sub>-Antitrypsin deficiency and the serpinopathies
- 13 Endocrine disorders
- 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- 15 Gastroenterological disorders
- 16 Cardiovascular disorders
- 17 Critical care medicine
- 18 Respiratory disorders
- 19 Rheumatological disorders
- 20 Disorders of the skeleton
- 21 Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
- 22 Disorders of the blood
- 23 Disorders of the skin
- 24 Neurological disorders
- 25 The eye
- 26 Psychiatry and drug related problems
- 27 Forensic medicine
- 28 Sports medicine
- 29 Geratology
- 30 Pain
- 31 Palliative medicine
- 32 Biochemistry in medicine
- 33 Acute medicine
(p. 1738) Disturbances of acid–base homeostasis
- Chapter:
- (p. 1738) Disturbances of acid–base homeostasis
- Author(s):
R. D. Cohen
and H. F. Woods
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.1211_update_001
November 28, 2013: This chapter has been re-evaluated and remains up-to-date. No changes have been necessary.
Update:
New or enhanced discussion of lactic acidosis due to cyanide poisoning, pyroglutamic acidaemia, acidosis in the Wolcott–Rallison syndrome, and lactic acidosis in malignancy.
Despite a daily load of protons, derived mainly from metabolism, the hydrogen ion concentration of arterial blood in health is tightly maintained within a slightly alkaline range (pH 7.36–7.42); concentrations of intracellular hydrogen ions are also controlled. Failure adequately to excrete or neutralize protons causes acidic conditions to prevail (decreased pH): undue intake of base, uncompensated loss of protons—or the substrates from which they are derived—induces an alkaline milieu (raised pH)....
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- 1 On being a patient
- 2 Modern medicine: foundations, achievements, and limitations
- 3 Global patterns of disease and medical practice
- 4 Cell biology
- 5 Immunological mechanisms
- 6 Principles of clinical oncology
- 7 Infection
- 8 Sexually transmitted diseases and sexual health
- 9 Chemical and physical injuries and environmental factors and disease
- 10 Clinical pharmacology
- 11 Nutrition
- 12 Metabolic disorders
- 12.1 The inborn errors of metabolism: general aspects
- 12.2 Protein-dependent inborn errors of metabolism
- 12.3 Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism
- 12.4 Disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism
- 12.5 The porphyrias
- 12.6 Lipid and lipoprotein disorders
- 12.7 Trace metal disorders
- 12.8 Lysosomal disease
- 12.9 Disorders of peroxisomal metabolism in adults
- 12.10 Hereditary disorders of oxalate metabolism—the primary hyperoxalurias
- 12.11 Disturbances of acid–base homeostasis
- 12.12 The acute phase response, amyloidoses and familial Mediterranean fever
- 12.13 <span xml:lang="ell">α</span><sub>1</sub>-Antitrypsin deficiency and the serpinopathies
- 13 Endocrine disorders
- 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- 15 Gastroenterological disorders
- 16 Cardiovascular disorders
- 17 Critical care medicine
- 18 Respiratory disorders
- 19 Rheumatological disorders
- 20 Disorders of the skeleton
- 21 Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
- 22 Disorders of the blood
- 23 Disorders of the skin
- 24 Neurological disorders
- 25 The eye
- 26 Psychiatry and drug related problems
- 27 Forensic medicine
- 28 Sports medicine
- 29 Geratology
- 30 Pain
- 31 Palliative medicine
- 32 Biochemistry in medicine
- 33 Acute medicine