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Malaria 

Malaria
Chapter:
Malaria
Author(s):

David A. Warrell

, Janet Hemingway

, Kevin Marsh

, Robert E. Sinden

, Geoffrey A. Butcher

, and Robert W. Snow

DOI:
10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.070802_update_001

Update:

Epidemiology—decreasing global mortality, estimated at 655 000 deaths in 2010, 26% lower than in 2000; mortality in India variously estimated at between 2000 and 277 000.

Parasite biology—new data on merozoite invasion.

Plasmodium ovale—two species distinguished: Plasmodium ovale curtisi (classic) and P. o. wallikeri (variant).

Plasmodium gaboni sp. nov.—found in chimpanzees in Gabon, close to P. falciparum and P. reichenowi and might infect humans.

Plasmodium vivax—increasing evidence of severe infections.

Mosquitoes—increasing pyrethroid kdr resistance and threat to the bed net campaign.

Malaria-induced immunosuppression—malaria causes bacteraemia in sub-Saharan Africa; mechanism of secondary nontyphoid salmonella infections.

Chemotherapy—artemisinin resistance, superiority of artesunate in African children, use of prereferral rectal artesunate.

Vaccine—controversial interim analysis of RTS,S/AS01vaccine phase III trial; volunteer trials of irradiated sporozoite vaccine.

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date: 21 October 2020

According to WHO’s World Malaria Report for 2010, there were an estimated 216 million cases of malaria worldwide in 2010 with 655 000 deaths, 5% fewer than in 2009 and 26% fewer than in 2000. Africa accounted for 81% of the cases and 91% of deaths; 86% of the deaths were in children aged less than 5 years. Malaria remains endemic in 106 countries. Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo, Burkina Faso, Mozambique, Ivory Coast, and Mali account for 60% of malaria deaths....

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