- 1 On being a patient
- 2 Modern medicine: foundations, achievements, and limitations
- 3 Global patterns of disease and medical practice
- 4 Cell biology
- 5 Immunological mechanisms
- 6 Principles of clinical oncology
- 7 Infection
- 7.1 Pathogenic microorganisms and the host
- 7.2 The patient with suspected infection
- 7.3 Immunization
- 7.4 Travel and expedition medicine
- 7.5 Viruses
- 7.6 Bacteria
- 7.6.1 Diphtheria
- 7.6.2 Streptococci and enterococci
- 7.6.3 Pneumococcal infections
- 7.6.4 Staphylococci
- 7.6.5 Meningococcal infections
- 7.6.6 <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>
- 7.6.7 Enterobacteria
- 7.6.8 Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers
- 7.6.9 Intracellular klebsiella infections (donovanosis and rhinoscleroma)
- 7.6.10 Anaerobic bacteria
- 7.6.11 Cholera
- 7.6.12 <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>
- 7.6.13 <i>Haemophilus ducreyi</i> and chancroid
- 7.6.14 Bordetella infection
- 7.6.15 Melioidosis and glanders
- 7.6.16 Plague: <i>Yersinia pestis</i>
- 7.6.17 Other <i>Yersinia</i> infections: yersiniosis
- 7.6.18 Pasteurella
- 7.6.19 <i>Francisella tularensis</i> infection
- 7.6.20 Anthrax
- 7.6.21 Brucellosis
- 7.6.22 Tetanus
- 7.6.23 <i>Clostridium difficile</i>
- 7.6.24 Botulism, gas gangrene, and clostridial gastrointestinal infections
- 7.6.25 Tuberculosis
- 7.6.26 Disease caused by environmental mycobacteria
- 7.6.27 Leprosy (Hansen’s disease)
- 7.6.28 Buruli ulcer: <i>Mycobacterium ulcerans</i> infection
- 7.6.29 Actinomycoses
- 7.6.30 Nocardiosis
- 7.6.31 Rat-bite fevers
- 7.6.32 Lyme borreliosis
- 7.6.33 Relapsing fevers
- 7.6.34 Leptospirosis
- 7.6.35 Nonvenereal endemic treponematoses: yaws, endemic syphilis (bejel), and pinta
- 7.6.36 Syphilis
- 7.6.37 Listeriosis
- 7.6.38 Legionellosis and legionnaires’ disease
- 7.6.39 Rickettsioses
- 7.6.40 Scrub typhus
- 7.6.41 <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> infections (Q fever)
- 7.6.42 Bartonellas excluding <i>B. bacilliformis</i>
- 7.6.43 <i>Bartonella bacilliformis</i> infection
- 7.6.44 Chlamydial infections
- 7.6.45 Mycoplasmas
- 7.6.46 A check list of bacteria associated with infection in humans
- 7.7 Fungi (mycoses)
- 7.8 Protozoa
- 7.9 Nematodes (roundworms)
- 7.10 Cestodes (tapeworms)
- 7.11 Trematodes (flukes)
- 7.12 Nonvenomous arthropods
- 7.13 Pentastomiasis (porocephalosis, linguatulosis/linguatuliasis)
- 8 Sexually transmitted diseases and sexual health
- 9 Chemical and physical injuries and environmental factors and disease
- 10 Clinical pharmacology
- 11 Nutrition
- 12 Metabolic disorders
- 13 Endocrine disorders
- 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- 15 Gastroenterological disorders
- 16 Cardiovascular disorders
- 17 Critical care medicine
- 18 Respiratory disorders
- 19 Rheumatological disorders
- 20 Disorders of the skeleton
- 21 Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
- 22 Disorders of the blood
- 23 Disorders of the skin
- 24 Neurological disorders
- 25 The eye
- 26 Psychiatry and drug related problems
- 27 Forensic medicine
- 28 Sports medicine
- 29 Geratology
- 30 Pain
- 31 Palliative medicine
- 32 Biochemistry in medicine
- 33 Acute medicine
(p. 810) Tuberculosis
- Chapter:
- (p. 810) Tuberculosis
- Author(s):
Richard E. Chaisson
and Jean B. Nachega
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.070625_update_001
Update:
Epidemiology—influence of bacterial genotype (e.g. W-Beijing strain) and host genetics (e.g. genome-wide scan identification of susceptibility loci).
Diagnosis—use of molecular methods (e.g. Gene Xpert RIF/TB).
Treatment—newer agents (e.g. fluoroquinolones, OPC-67683, TMC 207, PA-824, oxazolidinones).
Treatment of HIV-associated tuberculosis—optimal timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation in HIV-associated TB.
Tuberculosis is caused by organisms of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, including M. tuberculosis (the most important), M. bovis, and M. africanum. It has been present since antiquity and is the second leading infectious cause of death after HIV infection. An estimated 2 billion people worldwide carry latent infection, when ...
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- 1 On being a patient
- 2 Modern medicine: foundations, achievements, and limitations
- 3 Global patterns of disease and medical practice
- 4 Cell biology
- 5 Immunological mechanisms
- 6 Principles of clinical oncology
- 7 Infection
- 7.1 Pathogenic microorganisms and the host
- 7.2 The patient with suspected infection
- 7.3 Immunization
- 7.4 Travel and expedition medicine
- 7.5 Viruses
- 7.6 Bacteria
- 7.6.1 Diphtheria
- 7.6.2 Streptococci and enterococci
- 7.6.3 Pneumococcal infections
- 7.6.4 Staphylococci
- 7.6.5 Meningococcal infections
- 7.6.6 <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>
- 7.6.7 Enterobacteria
- 7.6.8 Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers
- 7.6.9 Intracellular klebsiella infections (donovanosis and rhinoscleroma)
- 7.6.10 Anaerobic bacteria
- 7.6.11 Cholera
- 7.6.12 <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>
- 7.6.13 <i>Haemophilus ducreyi</i> and chancroid
- 7.6.14 Bordetella infection
- 7.6.15 Melioidosis and glanders
- 7.6.16 Plague: <i>Yersinia pestis</i>
- 7.6.17 Other <i>Yersinia</i> infections: yersiniosis
- 7.6.18 Pasteurella
- 7.6.19 <i>Francisella tularensis</i> infection
- 7.6.20 Anthrax
- 7.6.21 Brucellosis
- 7.6.22 Tetanus
- 7.6.23 <i>Clostridium difficile</i>
- 7.6.24 Botulism, gas gangrene, and clostridial gastrointestinal infections
- 7.6.25 Tuberculosis
- 7.6.26 Disease caused by environmental mycobacteria
- 7.6.27 Leprosy (Hansen’s disease)
- 7.6.28 Buruli ulcer: <i>Mycobacterium ulcerans</i> infection
- 7.6.29 Actinomycoses
- 7.6.30 Nocardiosis
- 7.6.31 Rat-bite fevers
- 7.6.32 Lyme borreliosis
- 7.6.33 Relapsing fevers
- 7.6.34 Leptospirosis
- 7.6.35 Nonvenereal endemic treponematoses: yaws, endemic syphilis (bejel), and pinta
- 7.6.36 Syphilis
- 7.6.37 Listeriosis
- 7.6.38 Legionellosis and legionnaires’ disease
- 7.6.39 Rickettsioses
- 7.6.40 Scrub typhus
- 7.6.41 <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> infections (Q fever)
- 7.6.42 Bartonellas excluding <i>B. bacilliformis</i>
- 7.6.43 <i>Bartonella bacilliformis</i> infection
- 7.6.44 Chlamydial infections
- 7.6.45 Mycoplasmas
- 7.6.46 A check list of bacteria associated with infection in humans
- 7.7 Fungi (mycoses)
- 7.8 Protozoa
- 7.9 Nematodes (roundworms)
- 7.10 Cestodes (tapeworms)
- 7.11 Trematodes (flukes)
- 7.12 Nonvenomous arthropods
- 7.13 Pentastomiasis (porocephalosis, linguatulosis/linguatuliasis)
- 8 Sexually transmitted diseases and sexual health
- 9 Chemical and physical injuries and environmental factors and disease
- 10 Clinical pharmacology
- 11 Nutrition
- 12 Metabolic disorders
- 13 Endocrine disorders
- 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- 15 Gastroenterological disorders
- 16 Cardiovascular disorders
- 17 Critical care medicine
- 18 Respiratory disorders
- 19 Rheumatological disorders
- 20 Disorders of the skeleton
- 21 Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
- 22 Disorders of the blood
- 23 Disorders of the skin
- 24 Neurological disorders
- 25 The eye
- 26 Psychiatry and drug related problems
- 27 Forensic medicine
- 28 Sports medicine
- 29 Geratology
- 30 Pain
- 31 Palliative medicine
- 32 Biochemistry in medicine
- 33 Acute medicine