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Tuberculosis 

Tuberculosis
Chapter:
Tuberculosis
Author(s):

Richard E. Chaisson

and Jean B. Nachega

DOI:
10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.070625_update_001

Update:

Epidemiology—influence of bacterial genotype (e.g. W-Beijing strain) and host genetics (e.g. genome-wide scan identification of susceptibility loci).

Diagnosis—use of molecular methods (e.g. Gene Xpert RIF/TB).

Treatment—newer agents (e.g. fluoroquinolones, OPC-67683, TMC 207, PA-824, oxazolidinones).

Treatment of HIV-associated tuberculosis—optimal timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation in HIV-associated TB.

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date: 24 September 2021

Tuberculosis is caused by organisms of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, including M. tuberculosis (the most important), M. bovis, and M. africanum. It has been present since antiquity and is the second leading infectious cause of death after HIV infection. An estimated 2 billion people worldwide carry latent infection, when ...

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