- 1 On being a patient
- 2 Modern medicine: foundations, achievements, and limitations
- 3 Global patterns of disease and medical practice
- 4 Cell biology
- 5 Immunological mechanisms
- 6 Principles of clinical oncology
- 7 Infection
- 7.1 Pathogenic microorganisms and the host
- 7.2 The patient with suspected infection
- 7.3 Immunization
- 7.4 Travel and expedition medicine
- 7.5 Viruses
- 7.6 Bacteria
- 7.6.1 Diphtheria
- 7.6.2 Streptococci and enterococci
- 7.6.3 Pneumococcal infections
- 7.6.4 Staphylococci
- 7.6.5 Meningococcal infections
- 7.6.6 <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>
- 7.6.7 Enterobacteria
- 7.6.8 Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers
- 7.6.9 Intracellular klebsiella infections (donovanosis and rhinoscleroma)
- 7.6.10 Anaerobic bacteria
- 7.6.11 Cholera
- 7.6.12 <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>
- 7.6.13 <i>Haemophilus ducreyi</i> and chancroid
- 7.6.14 Bordetella infection
- 7.6.15 Melioidosis and glanders
- 7.6.16 Plague: <i>Yersinia pestis</i>
- 7.6.17 Other <i>Yersinia</i> infections: yersiniosis
- 7.6.18 Pasteurella
- 7.6.19 <i>Francisella tularensis</i> infection
- 7.6.20 Anthrax
- 7.6.21 Brucellosis
- 7.6.22 Tetanus
- 7.6.23 <i>Clostridium difficile</i>
- 7.6.24 Botulism, gas gangrene, and clostridial gastrointestinal infections
- 7.6.25 Tuberculosis
- 7.6.26 Disease caused by environmental mycobacteria
- 7.6.27 Leprosy (Hansen’s disease)
- 7.6.28 Buruli ulcer: <i>Mycobacterium ulcerans</i> infection
- 7.6.29 Actinomycoses
- 7.6.30 Nocardiosis
- 7.6.31 Rat-bite fevers
- 7.6.32 Lyme borreliosis
- 7.6.33 Relapsing fevers
- 7.6.34 Leptospirosis
- 7.6.35 Nonvenereal endemic treponematoses: yaws, endemic syphilis (bejel), and pinta
- 7.6.36 Syphilis
- 7.6.37 Listeriosis
- 7.6.38 Legionellosis and legionnaires’ disease
- 7.6.39 Rickettsioses
- 7.6.40 Scrub typhus
- 7.6.41 <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> infections (Q fever)
- 7.6.42 Bartonellas excluding <i>B. bacilliformis</i>
- 7.6.43 <i>Bartonella bacilliformis</i> infection
- 7.6.44 Chlamydial infections
- 7.6.45 Mycoplasmas
- 7.6.46 A check list of bacteria associated with infection in humans
- 7.7 Fungi (mycoses)
- 7.8 Protozoa
- 7.9 Nematodes (roundworms)
- 7.10 Cestodes (tapeworms)
- 7.11 Trematodes (flukes)
- 7.12 Nonvenomous arthropods
- 7.13 Pentastomiasis (porocephalosis, linguatulosis/linguatuliasis)
- 8 Sexually transmitted diseases and sexual health
- 9 Chemical and physical injuries and environmental factors and disease
- 10 Clinical pharmacology
- 11 Nutrition
- 12 Metabolic disorders
- 13 Endocrine disorders
- 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- 15 Gastroenterological disorders
- 16 Cardiovascular disorders
- 17 Critical care medicine
- 18 Respiratory disorders
- 19 Rheumatological disorders
- 20 Disorders of the skeleton
- 21 Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
- 22 Disorders of the blood
- 23 Disorders of the skin
- 24 Neurological disorders
- 25 The eye
- 26 Psychiatry and drug related problems
- 27 Forensic medicine
- 28 Sports medicine
- 29 Geratology
- 30 Pain
- 31 Palliative medicine
- 32 Biochemistry in medicine
- 33 Acute medicine
Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers
- Chapter:
- Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers
- Author(s):
C.M. Parry
and Buddha Basnyat
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.070608_update_002
May 30, 2013: This chapter has been re-evaluated and remains up-to-date. No changes have been necessary.
Update:
Changes in nomenclature.
Similiarity between clinical presentation of S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi.
Update on diagnostic tests.
Typhoid and paratyphoid fever (the enteric fevers) are caused by specific serovars of the Gram-negative bacillus, Salmonella enterica. Sources of typhoid transmission are excreting chronic or convalescent carriers and the acutely infected, with transmission occuring through contamination by carriers of food or water by effluents containing infected urine or faeces. There are an estimated 27 million cases of enteric fever in the world each year, almost all in the developing world, with about 200 000 deaths....
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- 1 On being a patient
- 2 Modern medicine: foundations, achievements, and limitations
- 3 Global patterns of disease and medical practice
- 4 Cell biology
- 5 Immunological mechanisms
- 6 Principles of clinical oncology
- 7 Infection
- 7.1 Pathogenic microorganisms and the host
- 7.2 The patient with suspected infection
- 7.3 Immunization
- 7.4 Travel and expedition medicine
- 7.5 Viruses
- 7.6 Bacteria
- 7.6.1 Diphtheria
- 7.6.2 Streptococci and enterococci
- 7.6.3 Pneumococcal infections
- 7.6.4 Staphylococci
- 7.6.5 Meningococcal infections
- 7.6.6 <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>
- 7.6.7 Enterobacteria
- 7.6.8 Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers
- 7.6.9 Intracellular klebsiella infections (donovanosis and rhinoscleroma)
- 7.6.10 Anaerobic bacteria
- 7.6.11 Cholera
- 7.6.12 <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>
- 7.6.13 <i>Haemophilus ducreyi</i> and chancroid
- 7.6.14 Bordetella infection
- 7.6.15 Melioidosis and glanders
- 7.6.16 Plague: <i>Yersinia pestis</i>
- 7.6.17 Other <i>Yersinia</i> infections: yersiniosis
- 7.6.18 Pasteurella
- 7.6.19 <i>Francisella tularensis</i> infection
- 7.6.20 Anthrax
- 7.6.21 Brucellosis
- 7.6.22 Tetanus
- 7.6.23 <i>Clostridium difficile</i>
- 7.6.24 Botulism, gas gangrene, and clostridial gastrointestinal infections
- 7.6.25 Tuberculosis
- 7.6.26 Disease caused by environmental mycobacteria
- 7.6.27 Leprosy (Hansen’s disease)
- 7.6.28 Buruli ulcer: <i>Mycobacterium ulcerans</i> infection
- 7.6.29 Actinomycoses
- 7.6.30 Nocardiosis
- 7.6.31 Rat-bite fevers
- 7.6.32 Lyme borreliosis
- 7.6.33 Relapsing fevers
- 7.6.34 Leptospirosis
- 7.6.35 Nonvenereal endemic treponematoses: yaws, endemic syphilis (bejel), and pinta
- 7.6.36 Syphilis
- 7.6.37 Listeriosis
- 7.6.38 Legionellosis and legionnaires’ disease
- 7.6.39 Rickettsioses
- 7.6.40 Scrub typhus
- 7.6.41 <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> infections (Q fever)
- 7.6.42 Bartonellas excluding <i>B. bacilliformis</i>
- 7.6.43 <i>Bartonella bacilliformis</i> infection
- 7.6.44 Chlamydial infections
- 7.6.45 Mycoplasmas
- 7.6.46 A check list of bacteria associated with infection in humans
- 7.7 Fungi (mycoses)
- 7.8 Protozoa
- 7.9 Nematodes (roundworms)
- 7.10 Cestodes (tapeworms)
- 7.11 Trematodes (flukes)
- 7.12 Nonvenomous arthropods
- 7.13 Pentastomiasis (porocephalosis, linguatulosis/linguatuliasis)
- 8 Sexually transmitted diseases and sexual health
- 9 Chemical and physical injuries and environmental factors and disease
- 10 Clinical pharmacology
- 11 Nutrition
- 12 Metabolic disorders
- 13 Endocrine disorders
- 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- 15 Gastroenterological disorders
- 16 Cardiovascular disorders
- 17 Critical care medicine
- 18 Respiratory disorders
- 19 Rheumatological disorders
- 20 Disorders of the skeleton
- 21 Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
- 22 Disorders of the blood
- 23 Disorders of the skin
- 24 Neurological disorders
- 25 The eye
- 26 Psychiatry and drug related problems
- 27 Forensic medicine
- 28 Sports medicine
- 29 Geratology
- 30 Pain
- 31 Palliative medicine
- 32 Biochemistry in medicine
- 33 Acute medicine