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HIV in the developing world 

HIV in the developing world
Chapter:
HIV in the developing world
Author(s):

Alison D. Grant

and Kevin M. De Cock

DOI:
10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.070524_update_001

Update:

Epidemiology—reduction in HIV incidence in some countries.

Transmission—immediate ART for the HIV-infected partner in discordant couples greatly reduces transmission.

Mother-to-child transmission—new advice on breast-feeding.

Tuberculosis—diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment.

Treatment—increased deployment of ART in developing countries; revised WHO recommendations for ART for pregnant women; IRIS and cryptococcal meningitis.

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date: 04 August 2021

The developing world is disproportionately affected by the HIV pandemic. In many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, HIV infection is established in the general population: in southern Africa, which is particularly severely affected, HIV prevalence among pregnant women reached around 40% by 2003 in some areas. Local epidemiology depends on the relative contribution of the three major routes of HIV transmission: sexual contact (heterosexual and homosexual); mother to child; and exposure to blood or blood products. The main route of transmission is sex between men and women....

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