- 1 On being a patient
- 2 Modern medicine: foundations, achievements, and limitations
- 3 Global patterns of disease and medical practice
- 4 Cell biology
- 5 Immunological mechanisms
- 6 Principles of clinical oncology
- 7 Infection
- 7.1 Pathogenic microorganisms and the host
- 7.2 The patient with suspected infection
- 7.3 Immunization
- 7.4 Travel and expedition medicine
- 7.5 Viruses
- 7.5.1 Respiratory tract viruses
- 7.5.2 Herpesviruses (excluding Epstein–Barr virus)
- 7.5.3 Epstein–Barr virus
- 7.5.4 Poxviruses
- 7.5.5 Mumps: epidemic parotitis
- 7.5.6 Measles
- 7.5.7 Nipah and Hendra virus encephalitides
- 7.5.8 Enterovirus infections
- 7.5.9 Virus infections causing diarrhoea and vomiting
- 7.5.10 Rhabdoviruses: rabies and rabies-related lyssaviruses
- 7.5.11 Colorado tick fever and other arthropod-borne reoviruses
- 7.5.12 Alphaviruses
- 7.5.13 Rubella
- 7.5.14 Flaviviruses excluding dengue
- 7.5.15 Dengue
- 7.5.16 Bunyaviridae
- 7.5.17 Arenaviruses
- 7.5.18 Filoviruses
- 7.5.19 Papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses
- 7.5.20 Parvovirus B19
- 7.5.21 Hepatitis viruses (excluding hepatitis C virus)
- 7.5.22 Hepatitis C
- 7.5.23 HIV/AIDS
- 7.5.24 HIV in the developing world
- 7.5.25 HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and associated diseases
- 7.5.26 Viruses and cancer
- 7.5.27 Orf
- 7.5.28 Molluscum contagiosum
- 7.5.29 Newly discovered viruses
- 7.6 Bacteria
- 7.7 Fungi (mycoses)
- 7.8 Protozoa
- 7.9 Nematodes (roundworms)
- 7.10 Cestodes (tapeworms)
- 7.11 Trematodes (flukes)
- 7.12 Nonvenomous arthropods
- 7.13 Pentastomiasis (porocephalosis, linguatulosis/linguatuliasis)
- 8 Sexually transmitted diseases and sexual health
- 9 Chemical and physical injuries and environmental factors and disease
- 10 Clinical pharmacology
- 11 Nutrition
- 12 Metabolic disorders
- 13 Endocrine disorders
- 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- 15 Gastroenterological disorders
- 16 Cardiovascular disorders
- 17 Critical care medicine
- 18 Respiratory disorders
- 19 Rheumatological disorders
- 20 Disorders of the skeleton
- 21 Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
- 22 Disorders of the blood
- 23 Disorders of the skin
- 24 Neurological disorders
- 25 The eye
- 26 Psychiatry and drug related problems
- 27 Forensic medicine
- 28 Sports medicine
- 29 Geratology
- 30 Pain
- 31 Palliative medicine
- 32 Biochemistry in medicine
- 33 Acute medicine
HIV in the developing world
- Chapter:
- HIV in the developing world
- Author(s):
Alison D. Grant
and Kevin M. De Cock
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.070524_update_001
Update:
Epidemiology—reduction in HIV incidence in some countries.
Transmission—immediate ART for the HIV-infected partner in discordant couples greatly reduces transmission.
Mother-to-child transmission—new advice on breast-feeding.
Tuberculosis—diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment.
Treatment—increased deployment of ART in developing countries; revised WHO recommendations for ART for pregnant women; IRIS and cryptococcal meningitis.
The developing world is disproportionately affected by the HIV pandemic. In many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, HIV infection is established in the general population: in southern Africa, which is particularly severely affected, HIV prevalence among pregnant women reached around 40% by 2003 in some areas. Local epidemiology depends on the relative contribution of the three major routes of HIV transmission: sexual contact (heterosexual and homosexual); mother to child; and exposure to blood or blood products. The main route of transmission is sex between men and women....
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- 1 On being a patient
- 2 Modern medicine: foundations, achievements, and limitations
- 3 Global patterns of disease and medical practice
- 4 Cell biology
- 5 Immunological mechanisms
- 6 Principles of clinical oncology
- 7 Infection
- 7.1 Pathogenic microorganisms and the host
- 7.2 The patient with suspected infection
- 7.3 Immunization
- 7.4 Travel and expedition medicine
- 7.5 Viruses
- 7.5.1 Respiratory tract viruses
- 7.5.2 Herpesviruses (excluding Epstein–Barr virus)
- 7.5.3 Epstein–Barr virus
- 7.5.4 Poxviruses
- 7.5.5 Mumps: epidemic parotitis
- 7.5.6 Measles
- 7.5.7 Nipah and Hendra virus encephalitides
- 7.5.8 Enterovirus infections
- 7.5.9 Virus infections causing diarrhoea and vomiting
- 7.5.10 Rhabdoviruses: rabies and rabies-related lyssaviruses
- 7.5.11 Colorado tick fever and other arthropod-borne reoviruses
- 7.5.12 Alphaviruses
- 7.5.13 Rubella
- 7.5.14 Flaviviruses excluding dengue
- 7.5.15 Dengue
- 7.5.16 Bunyaviridae
- 7.5.17 Arenaviruses
- 7.5.18 Filoviruses
- 7.5.19 Papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses
- 7.5.20 Parvovirus B19
- 7.5.21 Hepatitis viruses (excluding hepatitis C virus)
- 7.5.22 Hepatitis C
- 7.5.23 HIV/AIDS
- 7.5.24 HIV in the developing world
- 7.5.25 HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and associated diseases
- 7.5.26 Viruses and cancer
- 7.5.27 Orf
- 7.5.28 Molluscum contagiosum
- 7.5.29 Newly discovered viruses
- 7.6 Bacteria
- 7.7 Fungi (mycoses)
- 7.8 Protozoa
- 7.9 Nematodes (roundworms)
- 7.10 Cestodes (tapeworms)
- 7.11 Trematodes (flukes)
- 7.12 Nonvenomous arthropods
- 7.13 Pentastomiasis (porocephalosis, linguatulosis/linguatuliasis)
- 8 Sexually transmitted diseases and sexual health
- 9 Chemical and physical injuries and environmental factors and disease
- 10 Clinical pharmacology
- 11 Nutrition
- 12 Metabolic disorders
- 13 Endocrine disorders
- 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- 15 Gastroenterological disorders
- 16 Cardiovascular disorders
- 17 Critical care medicine
- 18 Respiratory disorders
- 19 Rheumatological disorders
- 20 Disorders of the skeleton
- 21 Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
- 22 Disorders of the blood
- 23 Disorders of the skin
- 24 Neurological disorders
- 25 The eye
- 26 Psychiatry and drug related problems
- 27 Forensic medicine
- 28 Sports medicine
- 29 Geratology
- 30 Pain
- 31 Palliative medicine
- 32 Biochemistry in medicine
- 33 Acute medicine