ESC CardioMed

ESC CardioMed (3 edn)

Edited by A. John Camm, Thomas F. Lüscher, Gerald Maurer, and Patrick W. Serruys

Previous Edition (2 ed.)

Abstract

ESC CardioMed is a ground-breaking initiative from European Society of Cardiology together with Oxford University Press that transforms reference publishing in cardiovascular medicine in order to better serve the needs of this rapidly advancing specialty. ESC CardioMed is an encyclopedic online resource covering more than 60 disciplines within cardiology. It will be updated online 3 times a year by the world’s leading clinicians, scientists, and researchers to reflect the latest in global cardiology. More than 1000 of the world’s leading specialists, ranging from researchers to clinicians, have contributed to this vast publication, ensuring a comprehensive and authoritative treatment of the field. ESC CardioMed is highly illustrated, with over 350 videos, helping readers to visualise key concepts. The publication is also linked to the ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines in the European Heart Journal, providing the background information behind clinical practice.

This online textbook has been comprehensively reviewed for the April 2020 update. Find out more about the updates made.

Bibliographic Information

Publisher:: Oxford University Press

Print Publication Date:: Dec 2018

Print ISBN-13:: 9780198784906

Published online:: Jul 2018

DOI:: 10.1093/med/9780198784906.001.0001

Authors

A. John Camm, editor Professor of Clinical Cardiology, St George's Hospital, University of London, UK

Thomas F. Lüscher, editor Director of Research, Education & Development and Consultant of Cardiology, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospital Trust and Imperial College, London, UK and Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland

Gerald Maurer, editor Professor of Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, Vienna, Austria

Patrick W. Serruys, editor Professor of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Science Division of NHLI, Imperial College, London, UK

Disclaimer

Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up to date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work. Except where otherwise stated, drug dosages and recommendations are for the non-pregnant adult who is not breastfeeding.

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Front Matter
Part 1 Introduction to the cardiovascular system
- Section 1 Cardiovascular history and physical examinationEdited by Nicholas Boon
  - Chapter 1.1 Approach to cardiovascular assessment Andrew Elder, Nicholas A. Boon, and Alan G. Japp
  - Chapter 1.2 Cardiovascular symptoms Alan G. Japp, Iain Simpson, Stephen Pettit, Arthur Yue, and Junaid Zaman
  - Chapter 1.3 Cardiovascular signs Stuart D. Pringle, Samantha Fitzsimmons, Ingibjorg J. Gudmundsdottir, and Joseph B. Esterson
- Section 2 Developmental biology of the heartEdited by Miguel Torres
  - Chapter 2.1 Cardiac embryogenesisRobert G. Kelly
  - Chapter 2.2 The molecular basis of cardiac embryogenesisMiguel Torres
  - Chapter 2.3 From heart-forming region to ballooning chambersMaurice J. B. van den Hoff and Antoon F. M. Moorman
  - Chapter 2.4 Development of the ventricles and valvesJosé M. Pérez-Pomares and José L. de la Pompa
  - Chapter 2.5 Development of the cardiac conduction systemJan Hendrik van Weerd and Vincent M. Christoffels
  - Chapter 2.6 Epicardial and coronary vascular developmentThomas J. Cahill and Paul R. Riley
  - Chapter 2.7 Cardiomyocyte development from mid-gestation through preadolescenceMark H. Soonpaa and Loren J. Field
- Section 3 Functional anatomy of the heartEdited by Yen Ho
  - Chapter 3.1 IntroductionSabine Ernst and Siew Yen Ho
  - Chapter 3.2 Cardiac anatomy in the interventional era: an overviewAmmar M. Killu and Samuel J. Asirvatham
  - Chapter 3.3 Normal conduction system, coronary arteries, and coronary veinsTaka-aki Matsuyama, Hatsue Ishibashi-Ueda, and Siew Yen Ho
  - Chapter 3.4 Normal atrial and ventricular myocardial structuresDamián Sánchez-Quintana, José Angel Cabrera, and Siew Yen Ho
  - Chapter 3.5 The heart as a functional unitPhilip J. Kilner and Sonya V. Babu-Narayan
  - Chapter 3.6 Ventricular structure and functionPhilip J. Kilner and Sonya V. Babu-Narayan
  - Chapter 3.7 Functional anatomy of atriaLuigi Badano and Denisa Muraru
  - Chapter 3.8 Functional anatomy of left heart valves Fahd Makhdom, Pascal Thériault-Lauzier, Siew Yen Ho, Giuseppe Martucci, Marco Spaziano, Michele Pighi and Nicolo Piazza
  - Chapter 3.9 Functional anatomy of right heart valvesChristine Selton-Suty, Olivier Huttin, Clément Venner, and Yves Juillière
  - Chapter 3.10 Functional anatomy of myocardial perfusionSabrina Oebel and Robert Manka
- Section 4 Cardiovascular physiologyEdited by Guido Grassi
  - Chapter 4.1 The heart as a pump: governing principlesSándor J. Kovács
  - Chapter 4.2 Cardiac electrophysiologyMarek Malik
  - Chapter 4.3 Cardiovascular physiology: regulation of coronary circulationChristian Seiler
  - Chapter 4.4 Regulation of blood pressureGino Seravalle and Guido Grassi
  - Chapter 4.5 Heart/kidney interactionsMarkus P. Schlaich
  - Chapter 4.6 Cardiovascular response to exercise Cemal Ozemek, Ross Arena, Dejana Popovic, Marco Guazzi, Amy McNeil, and Michael Sagner
  - Chapter 4.7 Cardiovascular response to mental stressJens Barthelmes and Isabella Sudano
  - Chapter 4.8 The cardiovascular system during sleepNaima Covassin and Virend K. Somers
  - Chapter 4.9 The ageing heartMagnus Bäck, Laure Joly, Nicolas Sadoul, and Athanase Benetos
  - Chapter 4.10 Alterations in cardiovascular physiology in pathological statesSebastian Ewen, Saarraaken Kulenthiran, and Felix Mahfoud
- Section 5 Cardiovascular pharmacologyEdited by Faiez Zannad
  - Chapter 5.1 Renin–angiotensin system and neprilysin João Pedro Ferreira and Patrick Rossignol
  - Chapter 5.2 Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists Faiez Zannad and João Pedro Ferreira
  - Chapter 5.3 Autonomic nervous system drugs Atul Pathak
  - Chapter 5.4 Pharmacology of vasodilators Stéphane Laurent
  - Chapter 5.5 Positive inotropes Mattia Arrigo and Alexandre Mebazaa
  - Chapter 5.6 Antiarrhythmics Federico Guerra and Alessandro Capucci
  - Chapter 5.7 Pharmacology of oral antiplatelet drugs Tabassome Simon
  - Chapter 5.8 Fibrinolytic therapy Freek W. A. Verheugt
  - Chapter 5.9 Lipid-lowering drugs Cesare R. Sirtori and Massimiliano Ruscica
  - Chapter 5.10 Oral diabetes treatments and cardiovascular disease Pierre-Jean Saulnier and Samy Hadjadj
  - Chapter 5.11 Renal pharmacology for the cardiologist Kevin Damman and Daan Westenbrink
  - Chapter 5.12 Potassium binders Keld P. Kjeldsen, Juan Tamargo, and Thomas A. Schmidt
  - Chapter 5.13 Cardiovascular effects of non-cardiovascular drugs Pauline Bosco-Levy, Julien Bezin, Francesco Salvo, and Nicholas Moore
  - Chapter 5.14 Drug–drug interactions Jeffrey K. Aronson
  - Chapter 5.15 Local drugs in interventional cardiology pharmacology Jonathan Michel and Robert A. Byrne
- Section 6 AnticoagulationEdited by Raffaele DeCaterina
  - Chapter 6.1 An overview of haemostasis, in relation to atherothrombotic, thromboembolic, and venous cardiovascular disease Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
  - Chapter 6.2 Current targets of anticoagulants Fedor Bachmann
  - Chapter 6.3 Epidemiology of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in heart disease Renate Schnabel, Dipak Kotecha, and Paulus Kirchhof
  - Chapter 6.4 Unfractionated heparin Freek W. A. Verheugt
  - Chapter 6.5 Low-molecular-weight heparin Paul Guedeney, Mathieu Kerneis, Johanne Silvain, Gilles Montalescot, and Jean-Philippe Collet
  - Chapter 6.6 Fondaparinux and its derivatives Michiel Coppens
  - Chapter 6.7 Bivalirudin and argatroban Davide Capodanno
  - Chapter 6.8 Reversal of parenteral anticoagulants Marcel Levi
  - Chapter 6.9 Vitamin K antagonists Jørgen Jespersen and Jane Skov
  - Chapter 6.10 The NOACs: pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics Thomas Vanassche and Peter Verhamme
  - Chapter 6.11 The NOACs: clinical pharmacology Jeffrey Weitz
  - Chapter 6.12 The NOACs in special situations: the elderly, renal impairment, combination with antiplatelet agents and thrombolytics Felicita Andreotti, Eliano Pio Navarese, and Filippo Crea
  - Chapter 6.13 Reversal of oral anticoagulants Joanne van Ryn
  - Chapter 6.14 Epidemiological data on the use of traditional anticoagulants in cardiovascular disease Christina Reith and Colin Baigent
- Section 7 Epidemiology and global burdenEdited by Sumeet S. Chugh
  - Chapter 7.1 Strategies for assessment of global disease burden Sumeet S. Chugh
  - Chapter 7.2 Epidemiology and global burden of hypertension George A. Mensah
  - Chapter 7.3 Epidemiology and global burden of ischaemic heart disease Andrew E. Moran
  - Chapter 7.4 Epidemiology and global burden of cardiomyopathy James D. Wilkinson, Ashwin Kumar, Joslyn A. Westphal, Jason D. Czachor, Hiedy Razoky, and Steven E. Lipshultz
  - Chapter 7.5 Epidemiology and global burden of arrhythmias Aapo L. Aro and Sumeet S. Chugh
  - Chapter 7.6 Epidemiology and global burden of rheumatic heart disease Dianne Sika-Paotonu, Andrea Beaton, and Jonathan Carapetis
  - Chapter 7.7 Epidemiology and global burden of myocarditis and pericarditis Siva Ketha and Leslie T. Cooper
  - Chapter 7.8 Epidemiology and global burden of infective endocarditis Imad M. Tleyjeh and Aref A. Bin Abdulhak
  - Chapter 7.9 Epidemiology and global burden of peripheral arterial disease and aortic aneurysms Holger Reinecke and Nasser Malyar
Part 2 Investigations
- Section 8 ElectrocardiogramEdited by Antonio Bayés de Luna
  - Chapter 8.1 Introduction Antonio Bayés de Luna
  - Chapter 8.2 Atrial abnormalities Adrian Baranchuk
  - Chapter 8.3 Ventricular hypertrophy Ljuba Bacharova and Harvey Estes
  - Chapter 8.4 Intraventricular conduction disturbances Antoni Bayés de Luna and Marcelo V. Elizari
  - Chapter 8.5 ECG patterns of ischaemia and necrosis Miguel Fiol-Sala and Antonio Bayés de Luna
  - Chapter 8.6 ECG patterns related to arrhythmias and sudden death: channelopathies, early repolarization, and pre-excitation Wojciech Zareba and Pyotr Platonov
  - Chapter 8.7 ECG in syncope, palpitations, dyspnoea, and chest pain Angel Moya and Jose Barrabés
  - Chapter 8.8 The abnormal ECG without apparent heart disease and the normal ECG in serious heart diseases: two extremes Antonio Bayés de Luna and Günter Breithardt
  - Chapter 8.9 Ambulatory ECG monitoring Iwona Cygankiewicz
- Section 9 Chest radiographyEdited by Christian Herold
  - Chapter 9.1 Normal anatomy with a focus on the cardiac silhouette and the great vesselsChristian Loewe and Dietrich Beitzke
  - Chapter 9.2 Pulmonary venous hypertensionMassimo Pistolesi and Mariaelena Occhipinti
  - Chapter 9.3 Pulmonary arterial hypertension and acute and chronic thromboembolismThomas Henzler
  - Chapter 9.4 Pulmonary infectionsTomas Franquet
  - Chapter 9.5 Focal abnormalitiesNicola Sverzellati, Gianluca Milanese, and Mario Silva
  - Chapter 9.6 Lines, tubes, and implantable devicesNicholas Screaton and Katharine Tweed
- Section 10 Cardiac ultrasoundEdited by Frank Flachskampf
  - Chapter 10.1 Principles of echocardiographic imaging and velocity assessment by Doppler and speckle trackingJens-Uwe Voigt
  - Chapter 10.2 Technical equipment for echocardiographyThomas Binder
  - Chapter 10.3 Transthoracic echocardiography and the standard examination of specific cardiac structuresThomas Binder
  - Chapter 10.4 Stress echocardiographyNikolaos Karogiannis and Roxy Senior
  - Chapter 10.5 Contrast echocardiographyAnastasia Vamvakidou and Roxy Senior
  - Chapter 10.6 Three-dimensional echocardiographyFrancesco F. Faletra, Laura A. Leo, Tiziano Moccetti, and Mark J. Monaghan
  - Chapter 10.7 Coronary heart diseaseThomas H. Marwick
  - Chapter 10.8 Hypertension and diabetesLaura Ernande
  - Chapter 10.9 Transoesophageal echocardiographyRuxandra Beyer and Frank A. Flachskampf
  - Chapter 10.10 Left ventricular function, heart failure, and resynchronization therapyJens-Uwe Voigt
  - Chapter 10.11 Assist devicesSatoshi Nakatani
  - Chapter 10.12 Cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, and the transplanted heartThor Edvardsen
  - Chapter 10.13 Cardiac valvesDamien Voilliot and Patrizio Lancellotti
  - Chapter 10.14 Echocardiography in transcatheter aortic valve implantationMehdi Eskandari and Mark J. Monaghan
  - Chapter 10.15 Transcatheter mitral valve repair: from edge-to-edge to annuloplastyMehdi Eskandari and Mark J. Monaghan
  - Chapter 10.16 Prosthetic valve evaluationFelix C. Tanner and Rolf Jenni
  - Chapter 10.17 Pulmonary hypertension and the right ventriclePetros Nihoyannopoulos and Julia Grapsa
  - Chapter 10.18 Echocardiographic assessment: diseases of the aortaArturo Evangelista and José Rodríguez-Palomares
  - Chapter 10.19 Atrial fibrillation, cardiogenic embolism, and tumorsBogdan A. Popescu, Maria-Magdalena Gurzun, and Carmen Ginghina
  - Chapter 10.20 Emergency echocardiographyAleksandar N. Neskovic, Ivan Stankovic, and Predrag Milicevic
- Section 11 Cardiovascular magnetic resonanceEdited by Dudley Pennell
  - Chapter 11.1 Normal anatomy and functionAlicia Maceira
  - Chapter 11.2 Cardiovascular magnetic resonance physics, techniques, and contrast agentsSonia Nielles-Vallespin
  - Chapter 11.3 Coronary artery diseaseJuerg Schwitter
  - Chapter 11.4 CardiomyopathiesMatthias Friedrich and Fabian aus dem Siepen
  - Chapter 11.5 Congenital heart diseaseSonya V. Babu-Narayan
  - Chapter 11.6 Valvular heart diseaseSaul Myerson
  - Chapter 11.7 Atherosclerosis imagingChun Yuan, Zach Miller, and Jianming Cai
  - Chapter 11.8 AngiographyJan Bogaert
  - Chapter 11.9 Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in less common pathologies Massimo Lombardi, Antonia Camporeale and Silvia Pica
- Section 12 Cardiovascular computed tomographyEdited by Stephan Achenbach
  - Chapter 12.1 Technology of cardiac computed tomographyStephan Achenbach
  - Chapter 12.2 Coronary calciumTodd C. Villines, Joshua D. Mitchell, and Michael K. Cheezum
  - Chapter 12.3 Coronary computed tomography angiography: detection of coronary artery stenosisKoen Nieman
  - Chapter 12.4 Coronary computed tomography angiography: imaging of coronary atherosclerotic plaquePál Maurovich-Horvat
  - Chapter 12.5 Computed tomography myocardial perfusionAmita Singh, Noreen Nazir, Victor Mor-Avi, and Amit R. Patel
  - Chapter 12.6 Computed tomography for cardiac morphology, function, and valve diseaseVictoria Delgado
  - Chapter 12.7 Computed tomography for cardiac interventionsMohamed Marwan and Stephan Achenbach
- Section 13 Nuclear cardiology and positron emission tomographyEdited by Philipp Kaufmann
  - Chapter 13.1 Basic principles and technological state of the art: SPECTAlessia Gimelli and Riccardo Liga
  - Chapter 13.2 Basic principles and technological state of the art: PETFrank Bengel
  - Chapter 13.3 Basic principles and technological state of the art: hybrid imagingRonny R. Buechel and Aju P. Pazhenkottil
  - Chapter 13.4 Assessment of coronary artery disease: chronic stable anginaJuhani Knuuti, S. Richard Underwood, and Antti Saraste
  - Chapter 13.5 Assessment of coronary artery disease: imaging-guided management and therapyJuhani Knuuti, S. Richard Underwood, and Antti Saraste
  - Chapter 13.6 Integration of stress nuclear imaging in the diagnostic and management algorithms of stable coronary artery diseaseDanilo Neglia and Juhani Knuuti
  - Chapter 13.7 Assessment of coronary artery disease: nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging in specific patient populationsDanilo Neglia and Juhani Knuuti
  - Chapter 13.8 Heart failureDanilo Neglia and Oliver Gaemperli
  - Chapter 13.9 Endocarditis and device infectionFabien Hyafil, Dominique Le Guludec, and Oliver Gaemperli
  - Chapter 13.10 Infiltrative disease (amyloidosis/sarcoidosis)Tobias A. Fuchs and Oliver Gaemperli
  - Chapter 13.11 Future potentialPhilipp A. Kaufmann, Oliver Gaemperli, and Juhani Knuuti
- Section 14 Invasive imaging and haemodynamicsEdited by Carlo Di Mario
  - Chapter 14.1 Haemodynamic data Guy Heyndrickx and Carlo Di Mario
  - Chapter 14.2 Coronary angiography and ventriculography Carlo Di Mario, Carlotta Sorini Dini, and Serafina Valente
  - Chapter 14.3 Intravascular ultrasound imaging Javier Escaned, Philip Dingli, Nicola Ryan, and Nieves Gonzalo
  - Chapter 14.4 Optical coherence tomography Francesco Prati, Vito Ramazzotti, Laura Gatto, and Mario Albertucci
  - Chapter 14.5 Near-infrared spectroscopy Carlo Di Mario, Carlotta Sorini Dini, and Serafina Valente
  - Chapter 14.6 Functional coronary assessment: fractional flow reserve Emanuele Barbato and Fabio Mangiacapra
  - Chapter 14.7 Functional coronary assessment: instantaneous wave-free ratio and other indices Justin Davies
- Section 15 Selection of imaging techniquesEdited by Jeroen Bax
  - Chapter 15.1 Choice of imaging techniquesJeroen J. Bax, Alexander R. van Rosendael, Laurens F. Tops, Nina Ajmone Marsan, Victoria Delgado
Part 3 Heart diseases
- Section 16 Genetics of cardiovascular diseasesEdited by Heribert Schunkert
  - Chapter 16.1 Introduction Heribert Schunkert
  - Chapter 16.2 Genetic counselling Laura Yeates, Charlotte Burns, and Jodie Ingles
  - Chapter 16.3 Principles of cascade screening Eric J. G. Sijbrands
  - Chapter 16.4 Principles of molecular genetic testing Eric Schulze-Bahr
  - Chapter 16.5 Basic principles of genetic disease Eric Schulze-Bahr
  - Chapter 16.6 Monogenic and oligogenic cardiovascular diseases: genetics of arrhythmias—long QT syndrome Andrea Mazzanti, Riccardo Maragna, and Silvia G. Priori
  - Chapter 16.7 Monogenic and oligogenic cardiovascular diseases: genetics of arrhythmias—short QT syndrome Erol Tülümen and Martin Borggrefe
  - Chapter 16.8 Monogenic and oligogenic cardiovascular diseases: genetics of arrhythmias—Brugada syndrome Sonia Van Dooren, Dorien Daneels, Gudrun Pappaert, Maryse Bonduelle, and Pedro Brugada
  - Chapter 16.9 Monogenic and oligogenic cardiovascular diseases: genetics of arrhythmias—catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia Peter J. Schwartz and Lia Crotti
  - Chapter 16.10 Postmortem genetic testing in sudden death cases Najim Lahrouchi, Elijah R. Behr, and Connie R. Bezzina
  - Chapter 16.11 Genetics of cardiomyopathies: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Philippe Charron and Carole Maupain
  - Chapter 16.12 Genetics of cardiomyopathies: dilated cardiomyopathy Daniel Oehler, Hugo A. Katus, and Benjamin Meder
  - Chapter 16.13 Genetics of cardiomyopathies: left ventricular non-compaction Eloisa Arbustini, Alessandro Di Toro, Lorenzo Giuliani, Nupoor Narula, and Valentina Favalli
  - Chapter 16.14 Genetics of cardiomyopathies: arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy Kalliopi Pilichou, Cristina Basso, Rudy Celeghin, and Gaetano Thiene
  - Chapter 16.15 Genetics of cardiomyopathies: cardiac manifestations of genetic mitochondrial diseases Abdallah Fayssoil
  - Chapter 16.16 Genetics of cardiomyopathies: myocardial infiltration Frank Weidemann
  - Chapter 16.17 Genetics of vascular disease: Marfan syndrome and aortic disease Dorien Schepers and Bart Loeys
  - Chapter 16.18 Structural diseases of the heart: genetics of congenital heart diseases Daniela Q. C. M. Barge-Schaapveld, Marco C. DeRuiter, Conny C. van Munsteren, and Monique R. M. Jongbloed
  - Chapter 16.19 Structural diseases of the heart: syndromes affecting the cardiovascular system Sabine Klaassen
  - Chapter 16.20 Complex cardiovascular diseases: atherosclerosis—genetic factors Heribert Schunkert
  - Chapter 16.21 Complex cardiovascular diseases: dyslipidaemias—genetic factors Daniel I. Swerdlow, Steve E. Humphries, and Michael V. Holmes
  - Chapter 16.22 Complex cardiovascular diseases: genetic determinants of atrial fibrillation Patrick T. Ellinor and Steven A. Lubitz
  - Chapter 16.23 Complex cardiovascular diseases: the genetics of arterial hypertension Georg Ehret
- Section 17 Congenital heart disease in children and adultsEdited by John Deanfield
  - Chapter 17.1 IntroductionJohn Deanfield
  - Chapter 17.2 NomenclatureRobert Anderson and John Deanfield
  - Chapter 17.3 Epidemiology and incidenceBernard Keavney and John Deanfield
  - Chapter 17.4 Aetiology, genes, and environmentElisavet Fotiou and Bernard Keavney
  - Chapter 17.5 Fetal circulation and perinatal programmingMarietta Charakida
  - Chapter 17.6 Clinical presentations and initial investigationsJohn Deanfield
  - Chapter 17.7 EchocardiographyJan Marek, Folkert Meijboom, and Luc Mertens
  - Chapter 17.8 Cross-sectional imaging/modellingAndrew Taylor, Silvia Schievano, and Giovanni Biglino
  - Chapter 17.9 Functional testingAlessandro Giardini and Gerhard Dhiller
  - Chapter 17.10 Electrophysiological abnormalities and ArrhythmiasMartin Lowe and Henry Chubb
  - Chapter 17.11 Interventional catheterizationShakeel Qureshi
  - Chapter 17.12 Long-term outcomes Barbara Mulder and Berto Bouma
  - Chapter 17.13 Arterial disease in the youngMarietta Charakida and John Deanfield
  - Chapter 17.14 Contraception and pregnancyJolien W. Roos-Hesselink and Lucia Baris
  - Chapter 17.15 Pulmonary hypertensionShahin Moledina and Bejal Pandya
  - Chapter 17.16 Heart failurePieter De Meester, Werner Budts, and Marc Gewillig
  - Chapter 17.17 Support/TransplantationDilveer Panesar and Michael Burch
  - Chapter 17.18 Atrial septal defectMarc Gewillig and Robert Yates
  - Chapter 17.19 Atrioventricular septal defectMichelle Carr
  - Chapter 17.20 Ventricular septal defectOrla Franklin
  - Chapter 17.21 Patent ductus arteriosusRobert Yates
  - Chapter 17.22 Pulmonary valve stenosisRobert Yates
  - Chapter 17.23 Vascular ringsRobert Yates
  - Chapter 17.24 Aortic stenosis and left ventricular outflow tract obstructionDavid Anderson
  - Chapter 17.25 CoarctationLars Sondergaard and Marietta Charakida
  - Chapter 17.26 Tetralogy of FallotRobert Yates
  - Chapter 17.27 Ebstein’s anomalySachin Khambadkone
  - Chapter 17.28 Hypoplastic left heart syndromeAlessandro Giardini
  - Chapter 17.29 Single ventricle/total cavopulmonary connection (Fontan circulation)Werner Budts and Marc Gewillig
  - Chapter 17.30 Total anomalous pulmonary venous connectionMarietta Charakida and John Deanfield
  - Chapter 17.31 Complete transposition of the great arteriesJohn Deanfield and Marietta Charakida
  - Chapter 17.32 Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteriesRobert Yates and John Deanfield
- Section 18 Prevention in cardiovascular disease and rehabilitationEdited by Massimo Piepoli
  - Chapter 18.1 IntroductionMassimo F. Piepoli
  - Chapter 18.2 Cardiovascular risk estimation at the individual levelYvo M. Smulders, Marie-Therese Cooney, and Ian Graham
  - Chapter 18.3 Risk factor management at the level of the individual using lifestyle changesGuy De Backer, Johan De Sutter, and Ian M. Graham
  - Chapter 18.4 Risk factor intervention at the population levelEva Prescott, Torben Jørgensen, Maja-Lisa Løchen, Jonathan Pearson-Stuttard, and Simon Capewell
  - Chapter 18.5 Cardiac rehabilitation and exercise trainingAlessandro Mezzani and Stephan Gielen
  - Chapter 18.6 Prevention in cardiovascular disease and rehabilitationUgo Corrà
  - Chapter 18.7 Settings and stakeholdersChristi Deaton, Margaret Cupples, and Kornelia Kotseva
- Section 19 Diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndromeEdited by Lars Ryden
  - Chapter 19.1 Introduction Francesco Cosentino and Lars Rydén
  - Chapter 19.2 Dysglycaemia: definition, classification, and diagnosis Jaakko Tuomilehto and Lars Rydén
  - Chapter 19.3 Vascular complications of dysglycaemia Francesco Cosentino
  - Chapter 19.4 Cardiovascular risk assessment in diabetes and pre-diabetes Nikolaus Marx
  - Chapter 19.5 Preventing cardiovascular complications in patients with dysglycaemia Linda Mellbin and Lars Rydén
  - Chapter 19.6 Special conditions: acute coronary syndromes Baris Gencer and Marco Roffi
  - Chapter 19.7 Special conditions: revascularization Miguel Sousa-Uva and Stuart J. Head
  - Chapter 19.8 Diabetes and heart failure Karl Swedberg
  - Chapter 19.9 Diabetes and arrhythmias Heikki Huikuri and Lars Rydén
  - Chapter 19.10 Diabetes and lower extremity arterial disease Lucia Mazzolai, Victor Aboyans, and Marianne Brodmann
  - Chapter 19.11 Special conditions: kidney disease Drazenka Pongrac Barlovic and Per-Henrik Groop
  - Chapter 19.12 Person-centred care Åsa Hörnsten
- Section 20 Heart and the brainEdited by Hans-Christoph Diener
  - Chapter 20.1 Acute ischaemic stroke: classification and diagnosisHans-Christoph Diener
  - Chapter 20.2 Impact of stroke on heart functionChristoph Kleinschnitz
  - Chapter 20.3 Causes of cardioembolic stroke Stefan Hohnloser
  - Chapter 20.4 Embolic stroke of undetermined sourceHans-Christoph Diener
  - Chapter 20.5 Treatment of acute strokeHeinrich P. Mattle, Simon Jung, Jan Gralla, Marcel Arnold, and Urs Fischer
  - Chapter 20.6 Closure of a patent foramen ovale for the prevention of strokeDavid R. Holmes Jr, Guy S. Reeder, and Heinrich Mattle
  - Chapter 20.7 Secondary stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation Hans-Christoph Diener
  - Chapter 20.8 Management of vascular risk factors and co-morbidities in secondary stroke preventionMartin O’Donnell and Cliona Small
  - Chapter 20.9 Intracranial haemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation on anticoagulants Heinrich Mattle, Marcel Arnold, and Urs Fischer
  - Chapter 20.10 Atrial fibrillation and dementiaHans-Christoph Diener and John Camm
- Section 21 Cardiovascular problems in chronic kidney diseaseEdited by Christoph Wanner
  - Chapter 21.1 Epidemiology and chronic kidney disease as a cardiovascular risk factorStephan Segerer and Harald Seeger
  - Chapter 21.2 Causes of death in renal diseaseThomas F. Mueller and Valerie Luyckx
  - Chapter 21.3 PathophysiologyChristoph Wanner
  - Chapter 21.4 Cardiovascular imaging in chronic kidney diseaseVictoria Delgado
  - Chapter 21.5 Prevention and drug therapy in chronic kidney diseaseStephan Segerer and Harald Seeger
  - Chapter 21.6 Device therapy in chronic kidney disease (implantable cardioverter defibrillator, cardiac resynchronization therapy)Petra Nijst and Wilfried Mullens
  - Chapter 21.7 Special considerations in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy and kidney transplant patientsThomas F. Mueller and Valerie Luyckx
- Section 22 Erectile dysfunctionEdited by Charalambos Vlachopoulos
  - Chapter 22.1 Sex and the heartPiero Montorsi
  - Chapter 22.2 Erectile dysfunction: definition and size of the problem Michael Doumas and Konstantinos Imprialos
  - Chapter 22.3 AskingTiny Jaarsma
  - Chapter 22.4 Erectile dysfunction as a marker and predictor of cardiovascular diseaseCharalambos Vlachopoulos and Nikolaos Ioakeimidis
  - Chapter 22.5 Testosterone, erectile dysfunction, and the heartGeoffrey Hackett
  - Chapter 22.6 Sexual function and dysfunction in women (and the effect for the couple)Kevan R. Wylie
  - Chapter 22.7 Lifestyle issuesMichael Kirby
  - Chapter 22.8 DrugsMike Kirby and Jonny Coxon
  - Chapter 22.9 SurgeryOdunayo Kalejaiye, Amr Abdel Raheem, and David Ralph
  - Chapter 22.10 Management of a patient with erectile dysfunction with or without known cardiovascular diseaseCharalambos Vlachopoulos, Nikolaos Ioakeimidis, and Dimitris Tousoulis
- Section 23 Lung diseaseEdited by Martin Cowie
  - Chapter 23.1 Epidemiological relationships between respiratory and cardiovascular diseases Jennifer Quint and Kieran Rothnie
  - Chapter 23.2 Long-term oxygen therapy/ventilation and cardiovascular outcomes in chronic lung and respiratory diseases Anita K. Simonds
  - Chapter 23.3 Effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatment on cardiovascular outcome Jennifer Quint
  - Chapter 23.4 Muscle weakness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure Michael I. Polkey
  - Chapter 23.5 Pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic lung disease and heart failure William D.-C. Man and Rachael A. Evans
  - Chapter 23.6 Sleep apnoea: definition, prevalence, and role in cardiovascular diseases Olaf Oldenburg
  - Chapter 23.7 Sleep-related breathing disorders: classification and diagnosis Melissa C. Lipford and Virend K. Somers
  - Chapter 23.8 Sleep apnoea: treatment options and sleep/cardiovascular outcome Holger Woehrle and Michael Arzt
  - Chapter 23.9 Beyond positive airway pressure therapy: experimental and non-conventional treatments in sleep apnoea Bernardo Selim and Kannan Ramar
  - Chapter 23.10 Atmospheric pollution and cardiovascular risk Mark R. Miller, Anoop S. V. Shah, Nicholas L. Mills, and David E. Newby
  - Chapter 23.11 High-altitude pulmonary oedema Samuel Verges and Patrick Levy
- Section 24 Gastrointestinal diseaseEdited by Gerhard Rogler
  - Chapter 24.1 Introduction Gerhard Rogler
  - Chapter 24.2 Gut microbiome, metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerosis Eduard F. Stange
  - Chapter 24.3 Gut microbiota and coronary artery disease Slayman Obeid, Melroy Miranda, and Thomas F. Lüscher
  - Chapter 24.4 The gut and cardiovascular diseases Giuseppe Rosano
  - Chapter 24.5 Intestinal absorption and drug levels Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick and Regina Krattinger
  - Chapter 24.6 Chronic heart failure and liver function Felix Stickel, Matteo Montani, and Christian Datz
  - Chapter 24.7 Protein-losing enteropathy associated with heart disease Conall Morgan and Luc Mertens
- Section 25 Rheumatoid arthritis and the heartEdited by Thomas F. Lüscher
  - Chapter 25.1 Introduction Thomas F. Lüscher
  - Chapter 25.2 Mechanisms of inflammation Roland Klingenberg and Ulf Müller-Ladner
  - Chapter 25.3 Inflammatory diseases: inflammation and cardiovascular disease Luigi Marzio Biasucci and Giovanna Liuzzo
  - Chapter 25.4 Rheumatoid arthritis: basic mechanisms in joints Oliver Distler and Caroline Ospelt
  - Chapter 25.5 Anti-inflammatory therapies for cardiovascular disease Thomas F. Lüscher and Paul M. Ridker
  - Chapter 25.6 Treatment aims in rheumatoid arthritis Oliver Distler and Adrian Ciurea
  - Chapter 25.7 Inflammatory bowel disease: basic mechanisms Gerhard Rogler
  - Chapter 25.8 Inflammatory bowel disease and the heart Christian M. Matter, Stephan Winnik, and Gerhard Rogler
  - Chapter 25.9 Psoriasis Alexander A. Navarini
- Section 26 Rheumatic heart diseaseEdited by Ferande Peters
  - Chapter 26.1 Introduction Ferande Peters
  - Chapter 26.2 Epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease Liesl Zühlke
  - Chapter 26.3 Pathogenesis: from acute rheumatic fever to rheumatic heart disease John Lawrenson
  - Chapter 26.4 Clinical features and diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever Antoinette Cilliers
  - Chapter 26.5 Echocardiography in acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease Ferande Peters, Ruchika Meel, and Mohammed R. Essop
  - Chapter 26.6 Prevention and definitive therapy of acute rheumatic fever Liesl Zühlke
  - Chapter 26.7 Chronic rheumatic disease Ferande Peters, Mpiko Ntsekhe, and Mohammed Essop
  - Chapter 26.8 Clinical scenarios in chronic rheumatic heart disease Mohammed Essop, Mpiko Ntsekhe, and Ferande Peters
  - Chapter 26.9 Therapeutic options in chronic rheumatic heart disease Mohammed Essop
- Section 27 Cardio-oncologyEdited by John Groarke
  - Chapter 27.1 Introduction John Groarke
  - Chapter 27.2 Radiation-induced heart disease: surveillance and management Ersilia M. DeFilippis and Anju Nohria
  - Chapter 27.3 Surveillance for cardiotoxicity in patients receiving potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy Magid Awadalla, Cian P. McCarthy, Michael T. Osborne, and Tomas G. Neilan
  - Chapter 27.4 Anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity: epidemiology, surveillance, prophylaxis, management, and prognosis Daniela Cardinale and Carlo Maria Cipolla
  - Chapter 27.5 Trastuzumab-related cardiotoxicity: epidemiology, surveillance, management, prophylaxis, and prognosis Torbjørn Omland
  - Chapter 27.6 Cardiovascular complications of novel kinase inhibitors Mark Sweeney and Alexander Lyon
  - Chapter 27.7 Cardiovascular complications of novel multiple myeloma treatments Daniel J. Lenihan
  - Chapter 27.8 Cardiovascular risk in men with prostate cancer Daniel Perry, Megan Caram, and Monika Leja
  - Chapter 27.9 Cardiac arrhythmias and cancer therapies John Keaney
- Section 28 HIVEdited by Nombulelo P. Magula
  - Chapter 28.1 Introduction Nombulelo P. Magula and Akira Singh
  - Chapter 28.2 Epidemiology of HIV-associated cardiovascular complications Giuseppe Barbaro
  - Chapter 28.3 HIV-associated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis Ntobeko A. B. Ntusi
  - Chapter 28.4 Pericarditis and myopericarditis in HIV Rubeshan Perumal and Nombulelo P. Magula
  - Chapter 28.5 Vascular disease: coronary, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease Darrin Ryan Naidoo and Sherlina Kasipersad
  - Chapter 28.6 Pulmonary hypertension: definitions, classification, diagnosis, and management Anastase Dzudie and Friedrich Thienemann
  - Chapter 28.7 Antiretroviral treatment Nombulelo P. Magula, Rubeshan Perumal, and Ruffin Apalata
- Section 29 Acute coronary syndromesEdited by Stefan James
  - Chapter 29.1 IntroductionStefan James and Marco Roffi
  - Chapter 29.2 The plaqueMichael Joner and Philipp Nicol
  - Chapter 29.3 Epidemiology of acute coronary syndromesHéctor Bueno
  - Chapter 29.4 General risk factors of acute coronary syndromesLene Rørholm Pedersen and Eva Prescott
  - Chapter 29.5 Pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromesGiovanna Liuzzo, Daniela Pedicino, and Filippo Crea
  - Chapter 29.6 Thrombotic responseRobert F. Storey and William A. Parker
  - Chapter 29.7 Development of myocardial infarctionPascal Vranckx
  - Chapter 29.8 Diagnosis and risk stratification of acute coronary syndromesChristian Mueller
  - Chapter 29.9 Treatment of non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes Marco Valgimigli, Andreas Mitsis and Marco Angelillis
  - Chapter 29.10 Treatment of ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromesBorja Ibanez and Sigrun Halvorsen
- Section 30 Takotsubo syndromeEdited by Christian Templin
  - Chapter 30.1 Introduction Christian Templin
  - Chapter 30.2 Incidence and definition of takotsubo syndrome Abhiram Prasad
  - Chapter 30.3 Mechanisms of takotsubo syndrome Leonarda Galiuto and Filippo Crea
  - Chapter 30.4 Signal transduction pathways initiated by catecholamines in takotsubo syndrome: focus on nitrosative stress and energetic impairment John D. Horowitz, Thanh Ha Nguyen, Sven Y. Surikow, Gao Jing Ong, Cher-Rin Chong, Dana K. Dawson, and Michael P. Frenneaux
  - Chapter 30.5 Triggers of takotsubo syndrome Jelena R. Ghadri
  - Chapter 30.6 Clinical presentation of takotsubo syndrome Ilan Wittstein
  - Chapter 30.7 Diagnostic testing in takotsubo syndrome Rodolfo Citro and Eduardo Bossone
  - Chapter 30.8 ECG features and arrhythmias in takotsubo syndrome Federico Migliore, Sebastiano Gili, and Domenico Corrado
  - Chapter 30.9 Co-morbidities in takotsubo syndrome Ken Kato, Sebastiano Gili, Fabio Fabbian, and Roberto Manfredini
  - Chapter 30.10 Management of takotsubo syndrome John E. Madias
  - Chapter 30.11 Takotsubo syndrome complications, outcome, and prognosis Scott W. Sharkey
- Section 31 Chronic ischaemic heart diseaseEdited by William Wijns
  - Chapter 31.1 Introduction William Wijns
  - Chapter 31.2 Pathology of stable coronary artery disease Michael Joner, Maria Isabel Castellanos, Anna Bulin, and Kristin Steigerwald
  - Chapter 31.3 Pathophysiology of the coronary circulation Nils P. Johnson and K. Lance Gould
  - Chapter 31.4 Myocardial ischaemia: definition and causes Filippo Crea and Gaetano Antonio Lanza
  - Chapter 31.5 Importance of the coronary collateral circulation Christian Seiler
  - Chapter 31.6 Coronary artery disease: from atherosclerosis to obstructive disease, inducible ischaemia, and the ischaemic cascade Jeroen J. Bax
  - Chapter 31.7 Clinical symptoms of stable ischaemic heart disease Ulrich Fischer-Rasokat and Christian Hamm
  - Chapter 31.8 Non-invasive functional evaluation Juhani Knuuti and Antti Saraste
  - Chapter 31.9 Invasive and non-invasive (computed tomography) angiography Stephan Achenbach
  - Chapter 31.10 Invasive functional evaluation Keith G. Oldroyd and Colin Berry
  - Chapter 31.11 Intracoronary imaging Nicola Ryan, Nieves Gonzalo, and Javier Escaned
  - Chapter 31.12 Risk stratification and risk scores Vasim Farooq, and Patrick W. Serruys
  - Chapter 31.13 Medical management: lifestyle and behavioural changes Nicolas Danchin, Etienne Puymirat, and Nadia Aissaoui
  - Chapter 31.14 Medical management: pharmacological therapy Aviv A. Shaul and David Hasdai
  - Chapter 31.15 Myocardial revascularization: symptomatic and prognostic indications Jean-Claude Tardif, Philippe L. L’Allier, and Fabien Picard
  - Chapter 31.16 Cost-effectiveness Ruben L. J. Osnabrugge and A. Pieter Kappetein
  - Chapter 31.17 Patient reported outcome measures in cardiovascular disease Ran Kornowski and Eli I. Lev
  - Chapter 31.18 Ischaemic heart disease and diabetes Ruben L. J. Osnabrugge and A. Pieter Kappetein
  - Chapter 31.19 Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting Daniele Giacoppo and Robert A. Byrne
  - Chapter 31.20 Refractory angina Alessia Azzano and Stefan Verheye
  - Chapter 31.21 Chronic ischaemic cardiomyopathy Ward A. Heggermont, Marc Vanderheyden, and Jozef Bartunek
  - Chapter 31.22 Microvascular angina Paolo G. Camici and Ornella Rimoldi
  - Chapter 31.23 Vasospastic angina Peter Ong and Udo Sechtem
- Section 32 Myocardial diseaseEdited by Perry Elliott
  - Chapter 32.1 IntroductionPerry Elliott
  - Chapter 32.2 Classification of cardiomyopathiesEloisa Arbustini, Valentina Favalli, Alessandro Di Toro, Alessandra Serio, and Jagat Narula
  - Chapter 32.3 General approach to diagnosis of cardiomyopathiesClaudio Rapezzi and Massimiliano Lorenzini
  - Chapter 32.4 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: geneticsMohammed Majid Akhtar and Luis Rocha Lopes
  - Chapter 32.5 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: diagnosis and assessment of symptomsAlbert Alain Hagège
  - Chapter 32.6 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: medical management of heart failure symptoms and arrhythmiasIacopo Olivotto
  - Chapter 32.7 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: invasive management of left ventricular outflow tract obstructionSteve R. Ommen
  - Chapter 32.8 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: prevention of sudden cardiac deathConstantinos O’Mahony
  - Chapter 32.9 Dilated cardiomyopathy: geneticsLuis Rocha Lopes
  - Chapter 32.10 Dilated cardiomyopathy: clinical diagnosis and medical managementGianfranco Sinagra, Marco Merlo, and Davide Stolfo
  - Chapter 32.11 Dilated cardiomyopathy: management of arrhythmia and prevention of sudden cardiac deathPier Lambiase and Rui Providencia
  - Chapter 32.12 Restrictive cardiomyopathyJens Mogensen
  - Chapter 32.13 Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: geneticsPetros Syrris and Alexandros Protonotarios
  - Chapter 32.14 Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: diagnosis Cristina Basso, Barbara Bauce, and Gaetano Thiene
  - Chapter 32.15 Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: management of symptoms and prevention of sudden cardiac deathAlexandros Protonotarios and Perry Elliott
  - Chapter 32.16 Left ventricular non-compaction: genetics and embryologyPablo Garcia-Pavia and Fernando Dominguez
  - Chapter 32.17 Left ventricular non-compaction: diagnosis and clinical managementJens Mogensen and Torsten B. Rasmussen
  - Chapter 32.18 Myocarditis: aetiology and histopathological diagnosisSabine Pankuweit
  - Chapter 32.19 Myocarditis: clinical presentationAlida L. P. Caforio, Renzo Marcolongo, Giuseppe Tarantini, Cristina Basso, and Sabino Iliceto
  - Chapter 32.20 Myocarditis: imaging techniquesAli Yilmaz and Anca Florian
  - Chapter 32.21 Myocarditis: treatment of myocarditisHeinz-Peter Schultheiss and Felicitas Escher
  - Chapter 32.22 The heart in neuromuscular disease: primary mitochondrial diseasesDenis Duboc
  - Chapter 32.23 The heart in neuromuscular disease: myotonic dystrophyHenning Bundgaard, Anna Axelsson, Alex Christensen, and Helle Petri
  - Chapter 32.24 The heart in neuromuscular disease: Duchenne and limb girdle muscular dystrophiesKarim Wahbi
  - Chapter 32.25 The heart in inherited metabolic disorders: lysosomal and glycogen storage diseasesAles Linhart
  - Chapter 32.26 Cardiac amyloidosisMartha Grogan
  - Chapter 32.27 Peripartum cardiomyopathyKaren Sliwa and Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
  - Chapter 32.28 Childhood cardiomyopathyJuan Pablo Kaski and Gabrielle Norrish
- Section 33 Pericardial diseaseEdited by Yehuda Adler
  - Chapter 33.1 Overview of pericardial syndromesMichael Arad and Yehuda Adler
  - Chapter 33.2 Acute and recurrent pericarditisMassimo Imazio, Fiorenzo Gaita, and Yehuda Adler
  - Chapter 33.3 Pericardial effusionAntonio Brucato and Stefano Maggiolini
  - Chapter 33.4 Cardiac tamponadeArsen D. Ristić, Petar M. Seferović, Bernhard Maisch, and Vladimir Kanjuh
  - Chapter 33.5 Constrictive pericarditisAntonis Pantazis, Karin Klingel, and Yishay Wasserstrum
  - Chapter 33.6 Pericardial masses and congenital abnormalitiesAngelos G. Rigopoulos and Hubert Seggewiss
  - Chapter 33.7 Pericardial involvement in neoplastic diseaseDor Lotan and Yehuda Adler
  - Chapter 33.8 Multimodality imaging of pericardial diseasesMassimo Imazio and Fiorenzo Gaita
  - Chapter 33.9 Interventional therapies for pericardial diseasesBernhard Maisch, Arsen Ristić, Sabine Pankuweit, and Peter Seferović
  - Chapter 33.10 Surgical therapies for pericardial diseaseGeorge Krasopoulos
  - Chapter 33.11 What next?Yehuda Adler and Dor Lotan
- Section 34 Tumours of the heartEdited by Gaetano Thiene
  - Chapter 34.1 Masses and cardiac tumours: classification and diagnosis Gaetano Thiene, Stefania Rizzo, Martina Perazzolo Marra, Marialuisa Valente, and Cristina Basso
  - Chapter 34.2 Benign cardiac tumours Cristina Basso, Stefania Rizzo, Martina Perazzolo Marra, Marialuisa Valente, and Gaetano Thiene
  - Chapter 34.3 Malignant tumours, pericardial tumours, and therapy Cristina Basso, Stefania Rizzo, Marialuisa Valente, Martina Perazzolo Marra, and Gaetano Thiene
- Section 35 Valvular heart disease Edited by Helmut Baumgartner
  - Chapter 35.1 Introduction and general comments Bernard Iung and Pieter Kappetein
  - Chapter 35.2 Aortic regurgitation Pilar Tornos Mas and Emmanuel Lansac
  - Chapter 35.3 Aortic stenosis Helmut Baumgartner and Thomas Walther
  - Chapter 35.4 Mitral regurgitation Raphael Rosenhek and Michele De Bonis
  - Chapter 35.5 Mitral stenosis Alec Vahanian and Olaf Wendler
  - Chapter 35.6 Tricuspid regurgitation Patrizio Lancellotti and Michele De Bonis
  - Chapter 35.7 Tricuspid stenosis Michele De Bonis and Patrizio Lancellotti
  - Chapter 35.8 Combined and multiple valve diseases Michele De Bonis and Patrizio Lancellotti
  - Chapter 35.9 Prosthetic valves Bernard Iung and Johan Sjögren
  - Chapter 35.10 Management during non-cardiac surgery Johan Holm and Bernard Iung
  - Chapter 35.11 Management during pregnancy Johan Holm and Bernard Iung
- Section 36 Infective endocarditisEdited by Gilbert Habib
  - Chapter 36.1 Epidemiology and physiopathology Bernard Iung
  - Chapter 36.2 Diagnosis Nuria Fernández-Hidalgo, María Nazarena Pizzi, and Pilar Tornos
  - Chapter 36.3 Prognosis and complications Isidre Vilacosta and Carmen Olmos
  - Chapter 36.4 Prosthetic valve endocarditis José A. San Román and Javier López
  - Chapter 36.5 Cardiac device-related endocarditis Maria Grazia Bongiorni and Andrea Di Cori
  - Chapter 36.6 Right-sided infective endocarditis José A. San Román and Javier López
  - Chapter 36.7 Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis Patrizio Lancellotti and Stella Marchetta
  - Chapter 36.8 Congenital heart disease Joey M. Kuijpers, Berto J. Bouma, and Barbara J. M. Mulder
  - Chapter 36.9 Indications for surgery: guidelines Gilbert Habib
  - Chapter 36.10 Surgical techniques Jean-François Obadia, Benoit Cosset, and Matteo Pozzi
  - Chapter 36.11 Antibiotic prophylaxis and prevention of infective endocarditis Bruno Hoen and Xavier Duval
  - Chapter 36.12 Conclusion and future directions Gilbert Habib
- Section 37 Heart failureEdited by John McMurray
  - Chapter 37.1 Epidemiology of heart failureKaushik Guha and Theresa McDonagh
  - Chapter 37.2 Definition, epidemiology, and burden of disease: HFrEFAldo Pietro Maggioni and Ovidiu Chioncel
  - Chapter 37.3 Definition, epidemiology, and burden of disease: HFpEFLars H. Lund and Gianluigi Savarese
  - Chapter 37.4 Definitions: quality of life, health, and health-related quality of lifeAnna Strömberg
  - Chapter 37.5 Chronic heart failure diagnosis: symptoms, signs, and the ECGPardeep S. Jhund
  - Chapter 37.6 Chronic heart failure diagnosis: HFpEFDaniel N. Silverman and Sanjiv J. Shah
  - Chapter 37.7 Chronic heart failure diagnosis: echocardiographyThomas H. Marwick
  - Chapter 37.8 Chronic heart failure diagnosis: cardiovascular magnetic resonance imagingSabrina Oebel and Robert Manka
  - Chapter 37.9 Chronic heart failure diagnosis: biomarkersChristian Mueller
  - Chapter 37.10 Chronic heart failure diagnosis: geneticsPerry Elliott
  - Chapter 37.11 Estimating prognosis: prognostic scoresVasiliki Bistola, John Parissis, and Gerasimos Filippatos
  - Chapter 37.12 Estimating prognosis: biomarkersMark Richards
  - Chapter 37.13 Co-morbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF): atrial fibrillationDipak Kotecha and Mitja Lainscak
  - Chapter 37.14 Co-morbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF): diabetes mellitusKieran F. Docherty and Mark C. Petrie
  - Chapter 37.15 Co-morbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF): hypertensionFrancesco Paneni and Massimo Volpe
  - Chapter 37.16 Co-morbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF): renal dysfunctionKevin Damman
  - Chapter 37.17 Co-morbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF): anaemia/iron deficiencyMichal Tkaczyszyn, Ewa A. Jankowska, and Piotr Ponikowski
  - Chapter 37.18 Co-morbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF): obesity, cachexia, sarcopenia, and the impact of nutritionStephan von Haehling and Stefan D. Anker
  - Chapter 37.19 Co-morbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF): lung diseaseSara Roversi and Nathaniel Hawkins
  - Chapter 37.20 Co-morbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF): sleep-disordered breathingMartin R. Cowie
  - Chapter 37.21 Co-morbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF): cancerThomas M. Suter and Michael S. Ewer
  - Chapter 37.22 Co-morbidity (HFrEF and HFpEF): valvular heart diseaseLuc A. Pierard
  - Chapter 37.23 HFrEF pharmacological treatment: diureticsRhondalyn Forde-McLean and Mariell Jessup
  - Chapter 37.24 HFrEF pharmacological treatment: ACEIs and/or ARBsMarc A. Pfeffer
  - Chapter 37.25 HFrEF pharmacological treatment: angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitorsKieran F. Docherty and John J. V. McMurray
  - Chapter 37.26 HFrEF pharmacological treatment: beta blockersSimon Alistair Stuart Beggs, and Roy Stuart Gardner
  - Chapter 37.27 HFrEF pharmacological treatment: ivabradineMichel Komajda
  - Chapter 37.28 HFrEF pharmacological treatment: digitalis glycosidesJohn G. F. Cleland and Yura Mareev
  - Chapter 37.29 HFrEF pharmacological treatment: hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrateFaraz S. Ahmad and Clyde W. Yancy
  - Chapter 37.30 HFrEF other treatment: indications and results of implantable cardioverter defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization therapyValentina Kutyifa
  - Chapter 37.31 HFrEF other treatment: revascularizationEric Velazquez and Mark C. Petrie
  - Chapter 37.32 HFrEF other treatment: ventricular assist devicesEmer Joyce and Randall C. Starling
  - Chapter 37.33 HFrEF other treatment: transplantationPeter Macdonald and Kumud Dhital
  - Chapter 37.34 HFrEF other treatment: nurse-led heart failure management programmesTiny Jaarsma and Anna Strömberg
  - Chapter 37.35 HFpEF treatment: pharmacological therapyMaja Cikes and Scott D. Solomon
  - Chapter 37.36 Patient monitoring in heart failureDirk J. van Veldhuisen and Adriaan A. Voors
  - Chapter 37.37 Exercise rehabilitation in heart failureFlorence Beauvais and Alain Cohen-Solal
  - Chapter 37.38 Palliative care in heart failureJames Beattie
  - Chapter 37.39 Acute heart failure: diagnosisAdriaan A. Voors and Piotr Ponikowski
  - Chapter 37.40 Acute heart failure: immediate management/stabilizationFrancisco J. Martín-Sánchez, Òscar Miró, and Héctor Bueno
  - Chapter 37.41 Acute heart failure: treatmentDimitrios Farmakis, John Parissis, and Gerasimos Filippatos
- Section 38 BradycardiaEdited by Giuseppe Boriani
  - Chapter 38.1 Introduction Giuseppe Boriani
  - Chapter 38.2 Aetiology and epidemiology of bradyarrhythmias Fredrik Gadler and Cinzia Valzania
  - Chapter 38.3 Classification of bradyarrhythmias Bulent Gorenek and Gulmira Kudaiberdieva
  - Chapter 38.4 Methods and tools for the diagnosis of intermittent and persistent bradycardia Georges H. Mairesse
  - Chapter 38.5 Anatomy and physiology of the sinus node Antonio Zaza
  - Chapter 38.6 The sinus node: normal and abnormal chronotropic response and drug effects Bruce L. Wilkoff and Corey Coleman
  - Chapter 38.7 Sinus node disease: pathophysiology and natural history Jonathan M. Kalman and Gwilym M. Morris
  - Chapter 38.8 Sinus node disease: ECG patterns and diagnosis Tatjana Potpara
  - Chapter 38.9 Sinus node disease: the role of electrophysiological testing Dominic A. M. J. Theuns
  - Chapter 38.10 Atrial tachyarrhythmias in bradycardia–tachycardia syndrome: characterization and evolution Luigi Padeletti and Roberto De Ponti
  - Chapter 38.11 Anatomy and physiology of the atrioventricular node M. J. Pekka Raatikainen
  - Chapter 38.12 Atrioventricular conduction abnormalities and atrioventricular blocks: ECG patterns and diagnosis S. Serge Barold
  - Chapter 38.13 Atrioventricular conduction abnormalities and atrioventricular blocks: role of electrophysiology testing Demosthenes G. Katritsis and Mark E. Josephson†
  - Chapter 38.14 Congenital atrioventricular block: clinical presentation, clinical evaluation, and management Drago Fabrizio and Battipaglia Irma
  - Chapter 38.15 Carotid sinus syndrome: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management Richard Sutton
  - Chapter 38.16 Bradycardia in athletes: clinical evaluation and management Hein Heidbuchel
  - Chapter 38.17 Cardiac pacing: basic concepts Renato Pietro Ricci
  - Chapter 38.18 Temporary pacing Alexander Bauer
  - Chapter 38.19 Permanent cardiac pacing in bradyarrhythmias: device coding Béla Merkely
  - Chapter 38.20 Pacing for bradycardia: device features and algorithms and clinical impact Jens Cosedis Nielsen and Jens Kristensen
  - Chapter 38.21 Electrocardiographic patterns of cardiac pacemakers: normal and abnormal findings Carsten Israel
  - Chapter 38.22 Follow-up of pacemaker patients with bradyarrhythmias: scope of follow-up and organizational issues Anne M. Gillis
  - Chapter 38.23 Pacemakers in children and adolescents Johannes Sperzel
  - Chapter 38.24 Lead management Jean Claude Deharo
  - Chapter 38.25 Electromagnetic interference in pacemaker patients Jan Steffel
  - Chapter 38.26 Pacemaker syndrome Giuseppe Boriani and Igor Diemberger
- Section 39 Syncope Edited by Michele Brignole
  - Chapter 39.1 Definition, epidemiology, classification, and pathophysiology J. Gert van Dijk and Roland D. Thijs
  - Chapter 39.2 Diagnostic evaluation Frederik J. de Lange and J. Gert van Dijk
  - Chapter 39.3 Reflex syncope Jean-Claude Deharo
  - Chapter 39.4 Cardiac syncope Richard Sutton
  - Chapter 39.5 Orthostatic intolerance: orthostatic hypotension and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome Artur Fedorowski
  - Chapter 39.6 Unexplained syncope in patients with high risk of sudden cardiac death Vincent Probst and Jean-Baptiste Gourraud
  - Chapter 39.7 Recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (version 2018) Michele Brignole
- Section 40 Supraventricular tachycardias Edited by Carina Blomstorm-Lundqvist
  - Chapter 40.1 Introduction Carina Blomström-Lundqvist
  - Chapter 40.2 Epidemiology of supraventricular tachycardias Gregory Y. H. Lip
  - Chapter 40.3 Atrial premature beats Tatjana Potpara
  - Chapter 40.4 Definitions, clinical presentation, symptoms, quality of life, and patient preferences Tatjana Potpara
  - Chapter 40.5 Differential diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardias Haran Burri
  - Chapter 40.6 Acute management of supraventricular tachycardias with and without established diagnosis (termination and/or rate regulation of tachycardia) Isabel Deisenhofer
  - Chapter 40.7 Management of rapid heartbeats/tachycardias with rhythm or rate control in the absence of ECG-verified diagnosis Isabel Deisenhofer
  - Chapter 40.8 Management of specific supraventricular tachycardias Isabel Deisenhofer
  - Chapter 40.9 Sinus node-related tachycardias: physiological sinus tachycardia, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, sinus node reentrant tachycardia, and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome Brian Olshansky
  - Chapter 40.10 Atrial tachycardias: focal and multifocal atrial tachycardias Pierre Jaïs and Nicolas Derval
  - Chapter 40.11 Atrial tachycardias: macroreentrant atrial tachycardias, CTI-dependent atrial flutter (clockwise, anticlockwise), and non-CTI-dependent macroreentrant atrial tachycardia Jose L. Merino
  - Chapter 40.12 Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia Demosthenes G. Katritsis
  - Chapter 40.13 Accessory pathways-related tachycardias: Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome and atrioventricular reentrant tachycardias Jonathan Chrispin and Hugh Calkins
  - Chapter 40.14 Concealed accessory pathways and related tachycardias Carlo Pappone and Vincenzo Santinelli
  - Chapter 40.15 Permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia Hildegard Tanner
  - Chapter 40.16 Pre-excitation related to Mahaim physiology Carlo Pappone and Vincenzo Santinelli
  - Chapter 40.17 Asymptomatic pre-excitation Jonathan Chrispin and Hugh Calkins
  - Chapter 40.18 Non-reentrant junctional tachycardias Demosthenes G. Katritsis
  - Chapter 40.19 Health economy Giuseppe Boriani
- Section 41 Atrial fibrillationEdited by John Camm
  - Chapter 41.1 Introduction A. John Camm
  - Chapter 41.2 Epidemiology Darae Ko and Emelia Benjamin
  - Chapter 41.3 Mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: electrophysiological basis Ulrich Schotten
  - Chapter 41.4 Mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: genetics David O. Arnar and Hilma Holm
  - Chapter 41.5 Mechanisms of atrial remodelling David R. Van Wagoner
  - Chapter 41.6 Types of atrial fibrillation Larissa Fabritz, Ulrich Schotten, and Paulus Kirchhof
  - Chapter 41.7 Silent atrial fibrillation Ben Freedman and Nicole Lowres
  - Chapter 41.8 Atrial fibrillation progression and prevention Justin G. L. M. Luermans, Jordi Heijman, Isabelle C. Van Gelder, and Harry J. G. M. Crijns
  - Chapter 41.9 Clinical investigation of patients presenting with atrial fibrillation Hein Heidbuchel
  - Chapter 41.10 Management of acute presentation with atrial fibrillation - rate control Christian Sticherling and Michael Kuehne
  - Chapter 41.11 Restoration of sinus rhythm: direct current cardioversion Riccardo Cappato
  - Chapter 41.12 Pharmacological cardioversion for atrial fibrillation Irina Savelieva
  - Chapter 41.13 Rate control: medical therapy Isabelle C. Van Gelder, Michiel Rienstra, Laurent Pison, and Harry J. G. M. Crijns
  - Chapter 41.14 Rate control: ablation and device therapy (ablate and pace) Maurizio Gasparini and Paola Galimberti
  - Chapter 41.15 Rhythm control: antiarrhythmic drugs Juan Tamargo
  - Chapter 41.16 Development of atrial fibrillation catheter ablation and ablation strategies Gerhard Hindricks, Nikolaos Dagres, Philipp Sommer, and Andreas Bollmann
  - Chapter 41.17 Rhythm control: surgical ablation Chawannuch Ruaengsri, Matthew R. Schill, Richard B. Schuessler, and Ralph J. Damiano, Jr
  - Chapter 41.18 Rate versus rhythm control therapy for atrial fibrillation Albert L. Waldo
  - Chapter 41.19 Follow-up of patients with atrial fibrillation Jeroen Hendriks
  - Chapter 41.20 Stroke risk factors and risk stratification in atrial fibrillation Gregory Y. H. Lip
  - Chapter 41.21 Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation Michael D. Ezekowitz and Amanulla N. Khaji
  - Chapter 41.22 Bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation Margaret C. Fang
  - Chapter 41.23 Thromboprophylaxis in atrial fibrillation: device therapy and surgical techniques Thorsten Lewalter, Clemens Jilek, and Klaus Tiemann
  - Chapter 41.24 Classification and mechanisms of atrial flutter Eric M. Riles and Melvin Scheinman
  - Chapter 41.25 Atrial flutter: clinical presentation Bhupesh Pathik and Jonathan M. Kalman
  - Chapter 41.26 Atrial flutter: management Tilman Maurer, Christine Lemes, and Karl-Heinz Kuck
  - Chapter 41.27 Atrial fibrillation and heart failure Johannes Brachmann
  - Chapter 41.28 Atrial fibrillation and athletes Eduard Guasch and Lluís Mont
  - Chapter 41.29 Atrial fibrillation in the elderly David Hirsh and Nanette Wenger
  - Chapter 41.30 Atrial fibrillation after cardiopulmonary surgery Rohan S. Wijesurendra and Barbara Casadei
  - Chapter 41.31 Atrial fibrillation and hypertension Hung-Fat Tse and Jo-Jo Hai
  - Chapter 41.32 Atrial fibrillation and hyperthyroidism Bernadette Biondi
  - Chapter 41.33 Atrial fibrillation and obesity Rajiv Mahajan, Dennis H. Lau, and Prashanthan Sanders
  - Chapter 41.34 Atrial fibrillation and sleep apnoea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Jared D. Miller and Hugh G. Calkins
  - Chapter 41.35 Atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease Ken Okumura and Hirofumi Tomita
  - Chapter 41.36 Atrial fibrillation in pregnancy Mark Panna, Michael Kaufmann, and Jamie Conti
  - Chapter 41.37 Atrial fibrillation associated with adult congenital heart disease Sunil Kapur and Saurabh Kumar
  - Chapter 41.38 Integrated care management in atrial fibrillation Jeroen Hendriks
  - Chapter 41.39 Patient education Deirdre A. Lane
- Section 42 Ventricular tachycardiaEdited by Brian Olshansky
  - Chapter 42.1 Classification of ventricular tachycardias Nishant Verma and Bradley P. Knight
  - Chapter 42.2 Evaluation and acute management of wide QRS complex tachycardia Sei Iwai and Jason Jacobson
  - Chapter 42.3 Classification and treatment of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia Alfred E. Buxton
  - Chapter 42.4 Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia associated with structural heart disease: classification, assessment, and initial treatment Fernando M. Contreras-Valdes and Peter J. Zimetbaum
  - Chapter 42.5 Bundle branch reentry tachycardia Akihiko Nogami
  - Chapter 42.6 Electrical storm Leonard Ganz
  - Chapter 42.7 Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia: the role of catheter ablation Tilman Maurer, William G. Stevenson, and Karl-Heinz Kuck
  - Chapter 42.8 Sustained and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia and no associated heart disease (idiopathic ventricular tachycardia) Victor Bazan, Enrique Rodriguez-Font, and Francis E. Marchlinski
  - Chapter 42.9 Polymorphic ventricular tachycardias including torsade de pointes L. Brent Mitchell
- Section 43 Sudden cardiac deathEdited by Gerhard Hindricks
  - Chapter 43.1 Epidemiology and underlying substrates Arnon Adler and Harry Rakowski
  - Chapter 43.2 Arrhythmic mechanisms of sudden cardiac death: bradycardia and tachycardia Pedro Brugada Terradellas and Juan Sieira
  - Chapter 43.3 Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in the general population Efstathios K. Iliodromitis and Dimitrios Farmakis
  - Chapter 43.4 Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in ischaemic cardiomyopathy Nikolaos Dagres and Gerhard Hindricks
  - Chapter 43.5 Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in dilated cardiomyopathy Borislav Dinov
  - Chapter 43.6 Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Philipp Attanasio and Wilhelm Haverkamp
  - Chapter 43.7 Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy Firat Duru and Corinna Brunckhorst
  - Chapter 43.8 Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in primary electrical disorders Peter J. Schwartz and Lia Crotti
  - Chapter 43.9 New techniques for risk assessment in sudden cardiac death Juan Fernandez-Armenta, Antonio Berruezo, Juan Acosta, and Diego Penela
  - Chapter 43.10 Prevention of sudden cardiac death in the general population Dimitrios Farmakis and Efstathios K. Iliodromitis
  - Chapter 43.11 Prevention of sudden cardiac death in ischaemic cardiomyopathy Jorge Romero, Andrea Natale, Ricardo Avendano, Mario Garcia, and Luigi Di Biase
  - Chapter 43.12 Secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death in ischaemic cardiomyopathy Jens Cosedis Nielsen and Jens Kristensen
  - Chapter 43.13 Primary prevention of sudden death in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy Riccardo Cappato
  - Chapter 43.14 Secondary prevention of sudden death in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy Riccardo Cappato
  - Chapter 43.15 Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Barry J. Maron and Martin S. Maron
  - Chapter 43.16 Secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Wilhelm Haverkamp and Philipp Attanasio
  - Chapter 43.17 Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy Katja Zeppenfeld and Sebastiaan R. D. Piers
  - Chapter 43.18 Secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy Katja Zeppenfeld and Sebastiaan R. D. Piers
  - Chapter 43.19 Secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death after catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia Arash Arya
  - Chapter 43.20 Prevention of sudden cardiac death in primary electrical disorders Elena Arbelo and Josep Brugada
  - Chapter 43.21 The implantable cardioverter defibrillator, conclusions on sudden cardiac death, and future perspective Gerhard Hindricks, Michael Kühl, and Nikolaos Dagres
- Section 44 Systemic hypertensionEdited by Bryan Williams
  - Chapter 44.1 Epidemiology and pathophysiology of hypertension Stefano Taddei, Rosa Maria Bruno, Stefano Masi, and Anna Solini
  - Chapter 44.2 Blood pressure measurement in hypertension: definition and classification of blood pressure levels Gianfranco Parati and Juan E. Ochoa
  - Chapter 44.3 Target organ damage, cardiovascular disease risk, and clinical evaluation of the hypertensive patient Giovanni de Simone and Antonio Coca
  - Chapter 44.4 Secondary causes of hypertension Isabella Sudano, Felix Beuschlein, and Thomas F. Lüscher
  - Chapter 44.5 Blood pressure thresholds for treatment and blood pressure treatment targets in hypertension Bryan Williams
  - Chapter 44.6 Sodium and potassium intake, blood pressure, and cardiovascular prevention Francesco P. Cappuccio
  - Chapter 44.7 Drug treatment of hypertension Michel Burnier, Sverre Kjeldsen, Anthony Heagerty, and Bryan Williams
  - Chapter 44.8 Device-based treatment for hypertension Saarraaken Kulenthiran, Sebastian Ewen, and Felix Mahfoud
  - Chapter 44.9 Hypertension in specific conditions/co-morbidities Enrico Agabiti Rosei, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, and Massimo Salvetti
  - Chapter 44.10 Hypertension in special situations Thomas Kahan
Part 4 Vascular disease
- Section 45 Pulmonary hypertensionEdited by Marc Humbert
  - Chapter 45.1 Introduction Marc Humbert
  - Chapter 45.2 Pulmonary hypertension: definition Stephan Rosenkranz
  - Chapter 45.3 Pulmonary hypertension: epidemiology Jose Leonidas Alves, Jr, Susana Hoette, and Rogério Souza
  - Chapter 45.4 Pathophysiological mechanisms in pulmonary hypertension Christophe Guignabert, Ly Tu, Alice Huertas, and Marc Humbert
  - Chapter 45.5 Pulmonary hypertension genes as major diagnostic tools Mélanie Eyries, Barbara Girerd, David Montani, David-Alexandre Tregouët, Marc Humbert, and Florent Soubrier
  - Chapter 45.6 Mechanisms of right ventricular failure Joanne A. Groeneveldt, Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, and Frances S. de Man
  - Chapter 45.7 Clinical presentation of pulmonary hypertension Marion Delcroix
  - Chapter 45.8 Life-threatening complications of pulmonary hypertension Marion Delcroix and Catharina Belge
  - Chapter 45.9 Pulmonary hypertension: clinical classification Francisca A. Gavilanes Oleas, Caio J. C. Fernandes, and Rogério Souza
  - Chapter 45.10 Echocardiographic findings in pulmonary hypertension Adam Torbicki
  - Chapter 45.11 Screening for pulmonary arterial hypertension John Coghlan
  - Chapter 45.12 Diagnosis and clinical investigation of patients presenting with pulmonary hypertension Daniela Calderaro, Luis Felipe Prada, and Rogério Souza
  - Chapter 45.13 Management of pulmonary hypertension: basic treatment Stephan Rosenkranz
  - Chapter 45.14 Management of pulmonary hypertension: targeted therapies Nazzareno Galiè, Alessandra Manes, and Massimiliano Palazzini
  - Chapter 45.15 Management of pulmonary hypertension: treatment algorithm Nazzareno Galiè, Alessandra Manes, and Massimiliano Palazzini
  - Chapter 45.16 Lung transplantation in pulmonary arterial hypertension Laurent Savale
  - Chapter 45.17 Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension Carlos Jardim, Luciana K. Morinaga, and Rogério Souza
  - Chapter 45.18 Heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension Charaka Hadinnapola and Nicholas Morrell
  - Chapter 45.19 Pulmonary arterial hypertension induced by drugs and toxins Irene M. Lang and Meinhard Kneussl
  - Chapter 45.20 Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue disease Christopher P. Denton
  - Chapter 45.21 Portopulmonary hypertension Olivier Sitbon and Laurent Savale
  - Chapter 45.22 Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart diseases Margarita Brida, Gerhard-Paul Diller, and Michael A. Gatzoulis
  - Chapter 45.23 Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with HIV infection Olivier Sitbon
  - Chapter 45.24 Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and pulmonary capillary haemangiomatosis David Montani, Barbara Girerd, Edmund Lau, and Marc Humbert
  - Chapter 45.25 Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart diseases Jean-Luc Vachiery
  - Chapter 45.26 Pulmonary hypertension due to chronic lung diseases Ari Chaouat, Anne Guillaumot, Emmanuel Gomez, Olivier Huttin, Christine Selton-Suty, and François Chabot
  - Chapter 45.27 Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension Yu Taniguchi, Xavier Jaïs, Gérald Simonneau, and Marc Humbert
  - Chapter 45.28 ‘Group 5’ pulmonary hypertension due to multiple and/or unclear mechanisms Andrew J. Peacock
  - Chapter 45.29 Referral centres and patient education J. Simon R. Gibbs
  - Chapter 45.30 Genetic counselling in pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension Barbara Girerd, David Montani, and Marc Humbert
  - Chapter 45.31 Risk assessment and treatment goals in patients presenting with pulmonary arterial hypertension Marius M. Hoeper
  - Chapter 45.32 Conclusion Marc Humbert
- Section 46 Diseases of the aortaEdited by Raimund Erbel
  - Chapter 46.1 Introduction Raimund Erbel
  - Chapter 46.2 The normal aorta Raimund Erbel
  - Chapter 46.3 Aortic aneurysm: thoracic aortic aneurysm—diagnostic approach Oliver Gaemperli and Udo Sechtem
  - Chapter 46.4 Aortic aneurysm: thoracic aortic aneurysm—therapeutic options Axel Haverich and Andreas Martens
  - Chapter 46.5 Aortic aneurysm: aortic arch aneurysm Roberto Bartolomeo, Alessandro Leone, Luca Di Marco, and Davide Pacini
  - Chapter 46.6 Aortic aneurysm: abdominal aortic aneurysm—diagnostic approach Regula S. von Allmen
  - Chapter 46.7 Aortic aneurysm: abdominal aortic aneurysm—therapeutic options Regula S. von Allmen
  - Chapter 46.8 Aortic sclerosis: clinical signs and diagnosis Yuvrajsinh J. Parmar and Itzhak Kronzon
  - Chapter 45.9 Aortic sclerosis: therapy Raimund Erbel
  - Chapter 46.10 Acute aortic syndrome: diagnostic strategy and clinical features Riccardo Gorla, Eduardo Bossone, and Raimund Erbel
  - Chapter 46.11 Acute aortic syndrome: emerging role of biomarkers Toru Suzuki, Riccardo Gorla, and Eduardo Bossone
  - Chapter 46.12 Acute aortic syndrome: aortic dissection—ascending aortic dissection Christoph T. Starck, Robert Hammerschmidt, and Volkmar Falk
  - Chapter 46.13 Acute aortic syndrome: aortic dissection—descending aortic dissection Rachel E. Clough, Xun Yuan, and Christoph A. Nienaber
  - Chapter 46.14 Acute aortic syndrome: intramural haematoma Jae-Kwan Song
  - Chapter 46.15 Penetrating aortic ulcer Arturo Evangelista and José Rodríguez-Palomares
  - Chapter 46.16 Acute aortic syndrome: traumatic aortic injury Johnny Steuer and Mario Lachat
  - Chapter 46.17 Acute aortic syndrome: iatrogenic aortic trauma Iván J. Núñez Gil and Gisela I. Feltes Guzmán
  - Chapter 46.18 Genetic diseases of the aorta: chromosomal and inherited diseases Dorien Schepers and Bart Loeys
  - Chapter 46.19 Genetic diseases of the aorta: aortic diseases related to Marfan syndrome and other genetic abnormalities Bernard Iung
  - Chapter 46.20 Genetic diseases of the aorta: aortic diseases associated with bicuspid aortic valves Heleen van der Zwaan, Folkert Meijboom and Gertjan Sieswerda
  - Chapter 46.21 Aortitis: infectious and non-infectious diseases Rosangela Cocchia, Riccardo Gorla, and Eduardo Bossone
  - Chapter 46.22 Aortic tumour Francesca Urgnani and Vincent Riambau
  - Chapter 46.23 Long-term follow-up in patients with aortic diseases Udo Sechtem and Oliver Gaemperli
  - Chapter 46.24 Aortic centres Raimund Erbel
- Section 47 Trauma to the cardiovascular systemEdited by Christoph Nienaber
  - Chapter 47.1 Trauma to the cardiovascular system Ibrahim Akin and Christoph A. Nienaber
- Section 48 Non-cardiac surgeryEdited by Steen Kristensen
  - Chapter 48.1 Introduction and epidemiology Hans Erik Bøtker
  - Chapter 48.2 Preoperative evaluation: surgical risk for cardiac events and functional capacity risk indices José R. González Juanatey
  - Chapter 48.3 Preoperative evaluation: biomarkers Emmanuelle Duceppe and P. J. Devereaux
  - Chapter 48.4 Preoperative evaluation: non-invasive testing Juhani Knuuti and Antti Saraste
  - Chapter 48.5 Preoperative evaluation: angiography Hans Erik Bøtker
  - Chapter 48.6 Risk reduction strategies: perioperative management of cardiovascular medication Emmanuelle Duceppe and P. J. Devereaux
  - Chapter 48.7 Risk reduction strategies: perioperative management in patients on antithrombotic therapy Steen D. Kristensen, Kurt Huber, and Michael Maeng
  - Chapter 48.8 Risk reduction strategies: coronary revascularization before non-cardiac surgery Fabio Rigamonti and Marco Roffi
  - Chapter 48.9 Specific diseases: chronic heart failure/hypertension Rodrigo Modolo and Ana Paula de Faria
  - Chapter 48.10 Specific diseases: valvular heart disease Bernard Iung and Luc A. Pierard
  - Chapter 48.11 Specific diseases: arrhythmias Evi Christodoulou and Susanna Price
  - Chapter 48.12 Specific diseases: renal disease Susanna Price
  - Chapter 48.13 Specific diseases: stroke Emmanuel Carrera and Marco Roffi
  - Chapter 48.14 Specific diseases: pulmonary diseases Susanna Price
  - Chapter 48.15 Perioperative monitoring: transoesophageal echocardiography Luc A. Pierard
  - Chapter 48.16 Perioperative monitoring: right heart catheterization Susanna Price
  - Chapter 48.17 Perioperative monitoring: glycaemic control Susanna Price
  - Chapter 48.18 Perioperative monitoring: anaesthesiology Stefan De Hert
  - Chapter 48.19 Conclusions and recommendations Juhani Knuuti and Antti Saraste
- Section 49 Peripheral arterial diseases Edited by Victor Aboyans
  - Chapter 49.1 Introduction V Aboyans
  - Chapter 49.2 Epidemiology and risk factors Marie-Louise Bartelink
  - Chapter 49.3 General aspects Lucia Mazzolai
  - Chapter 49.4 Antithrombotic drugs in peripheral arterial diseases Jean Philippe Collet
  - Chapter 49.5 Extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease Ross Naylor
  - Chapter 49.6 Upper extremity artery disease Tina Cohnert
  - Chapter 49.7 Mesenteric artery disease Martin Björck
  - Chapter 49.8 Renal artery disease Charalambos Vlachopoulos
  - Chapter 49.9 Lower extremity artery disease Marianne Brodmann
  - Chapter 49.10 Multisite artery disease Marco De Carlo
  - Chapter 49.11 Cardiac conditions in peripheral arterial diseases Michal Tendera
  - Chapter 49.12 Gaps in evidence JB Ricco
- Section 50 Venous thromboembolismEdited by Stavros Konstantinides
  - Chapter 50.1 Introduction Stavros V. Konstantinides
  - Chapter 50.2 Epidemiology and socioeconomic consequences of venous thromboembolism Alexander T. Cohen, Marjolein P. A. Brekelmans, and Carlos Martinez
  - Chapter 50.3 Predisposing factors for first and recurrent venous thrombosis Willem M. Lijfering and Suzanne C. Cannegieter
  - Chapter 50.4 Pathophysiology of acute pulmonary embolism Dieuwertje Ruigrok and Anton Vonk Noordegraaf
  - Chapter 50.5 Diagnosis: clinical prediction rules and laboratory tests Piotr Pruszczyk
  - Chapter 50.6 Diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism and evolving imaging modalities Helia Robert-Ebadi, Grégoire Le Gal, and Marc Righini
  - Chapter 50.7 Prognostic assessment Cecilia Becattini and Giancarlo Agnelli
  - Chapter 50.8 Treatment: haemodynamic and respiratory support Thomas Vanassche and Peter Verhamme
  - Chapter 50.9 Treatment: anticoagulation Cecilia Becattini and Giancarlo Agnelli
  - Chapter 50.10 Treatment: thrombolysis Guy Meyer
  - Chapter 50.11 Treatment: catheter-based intervention and inferior vena cava filters Andrew Kesselman, Ronald S. Winokur and Akhilesh K. Sista
  - Chapter 50.12 Management of pulmonary embolism in pregnancy Thijs E. van Mens and Saskia Middeldorp
  - Chapter 50.13 Management of pulmonary embolism in patients with cancer Cihan Ay and Florian Posch
  - Chapter 50.14 Risk of recurrence and optimal duration of anticoagulation Marc A. Rodger, Lisa Duffett, and Faizan Khan
  - Chapter 50.15 Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension Irene M. Lang, Walter Klepetko, and Hiromi Matsubara
- Section 51 Venous diseaseEdited by Sebastien Schellong
  - Chapter 51.1 Epidemiology and classification of venous disease Eberhard Rabe and Felizitas Pannier
  - Chapter 51.2 Imaging for venous thrombosis Frederikus A. Klok, Charlotte E. A. Dronkers, and Menno V. Huisman
  - Chapter 51.3 Venous recanalization Jochen Grommes
  - Chapter 51.4 Varicose veins Roshan Bootun, Tristan Lane, and Alun H. Davies
  - Chapter 51.5 Chronic venous insufficiency and post-thrombotic syndrome Robert T. Eberhardt and Joseph D. Raffetto
Part 5 Specific populations – gender and race
- Section 52 Cardiovascular disease in womenEdited by Noel Bairey Merz
  - Chapter 52.1 Background JoAnn E. Manson and Mariana Garcia
  - Chapter 52.2 Sex and gender differences overview Eva Prescott
  - Chapter 52.3 Traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors Karin Schenck-Gustafsson
  - Chapter 52.4 Non-traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors unique to or predominant in women Angela H. E. M. Maas
  - Chapter 52.5 Cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines Janet Wei
  - Chapter 52.6 Ischaemic heart disease in women Martha Gulati
  - Chapter 52.7 Heart failure in women Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
  - Chapter 52.8 Valvular heart disease Sharon Mulvagh
  - Chapter 52.9 Cardiac rehabilitation Puja K. Mehta
  - Chapter 52.10 Peripheral arterial disease in women Mariana Garcia
  - Chapter 52.11 Future directions C. Noel Bairey Merz
- Section 53 Pregnancy and heart diseaseEdited by Vera Zagrosek-Regitz
  - Chapter 53.1a General considerations Janet Wei and C. Noel Bairey Merz
  - Chapter 53.1b Pregnancy risk assessment Petronella Pieper
  - Chapter 53.2 Gynaecological, obstetric, and neonatological aspects Lisa-Antonia Droege and Wolfgang Henrich
  - Chapter 53.3a Congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension Jolien Roos-Hesselink and Annemien van den Bosch
  - Chapter 53.3b Aortic diseases Bernard Iung
  - Chapter 53.4 Valvular heart disease Petronella G. Pieper and Bernard Iung
  - Chapter 53.5 Ischaemic heart disease in pregnancy Angela H. E. M. Maas and Susanna Price
  - Chapter 53.6 Arrhythmias in pregnancy Bozena Ostrowska, Barbara Kommata, Helena Malmborg, and Carina Blomström Lundqvist
  - Chapter 53.7 Cardiomyopathies and heart failure Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
  - Chapter 53.8 Hypertensive disorders Renata Cifkova
  - Chapter 53.9 Venous thromboembolism in the peripartum period Karen Sliwa and Mark R. Johnson
  - Chapter 53.10 Drugs during pregnancy and breastfeeding Stefan Verlohren
- Section 54 EthnicityEdited by Gregory Lip
  - Chapter 54.1 Global perspectives of hypertension and cardiovascular disease Amitava Banerjee
  - Chapter 54.2 Ethnicity and cardiovascular risk factors Nizal Sarrafzadegan and Farzad Masoudkabir
  - Chapter 54.3 Ethnicity and coronary artery disease Adam Timmis
  - Chapter 54.4 Ethnicity and hypertension Bert-Jan van den Born and Charles Agyemang
  - Chapter 54.5 Ethnicity and cardiac arrhythmias Tatjana Potpara
  - Chapter 54.6 Ethnicity and heart failure Amitava Banerjee
  - Chapter 54.7 Ethnicity and inherited cardiac disease Larissa Fabritz
  - Chapter 54.8 Ethnic differences in responses to cardiovascular drugs Bernard M. Y. Cheung and Esther W. Chan
Part 6 Other aspects
- Section 55 Sports and heart diseaseEdited by Antonio Pelliccia
  - Chapter 55.1 Cardiovascular adaptation to exercise and sport: (according to type of sport, gender, and ethnicity) Michael Papadakis and Sanjay Sharma
  - Chapter 55.2 Clinical assessment of the athlete’s heart: normal and abnormal ECGs in athletes Alessandro Zorzi and Domenico Corrado
  - Chapter 55.3 Imaging testing for differential diagnosis of the athlete’s heart from structural cardiac diseases Antonio Pelliccia
  - Chapter 55.4 Sudden cardiac death in athletes: implications for pre-participation evaluation and safety in sport arenas Eduard Guasch, Hein Heidbuchel, and Lluís Mont
  - Chapter 55.5 Exercise and sport in the management of cardiovascular diseases (ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, and hypertension) Massimo Francesco Piepoli
- Section 56 ElderlyEdited by Franz H. Messerli and Tomasz Grodzicki
  - Chapter 56.1 Multimorbidity and polypharmacy in the elderly with cardiovascular diseasesTomasz Grodzicki, Karolina Piotrowicz, and Joanna Sulicka
  - Chapter 56.2 Palliative and end-of-life care in elderly subjects with cardiovascular diseasePiotr Sobanski
  - Chapter 56.3 Dementia and cardiovascular diseasesTimo Strandberg and Tuomo Nieminen
  - Chapter 56.4 Frailty, sarcopenia, and falls in cardiovascular diseaseAntonio Cherubini and Massimiliano Fedecostante
  - Chapter 56.5 Socioeconomic issues and cardiovascular disease (with emphasis on the caregivers)Nicola Veronese, Ludovico Carrino, and Stefania Maggi
  - Chapter 56.6 Comprehensive geriatric assessment in cardiovascular diseaseAndreas W. Schoenenberger
  - Chapter 56.7 Degenerative cardiovascular disease in the elderlyEdgar Argulian
  - Chapter 56.8 Lessons from European Society of Cardiology GuidelinesStefano F. Rimoldi, Louis Hofstetter, and Franz H. Messerli
  - Chapter 56.9 Arterial stiffness: from isolated systolic hypertension to syncopeJerzy Gąsowski, Chirag Bavishi, and Franz H. Messerli
  - Chapter 56.10 Special situations in the elderly: sport, physical activity, and travelJoanna Kostka, Małgorzata Koziarska-Rościszewska, and Tomasz Kostka
  - Chapter 56.11 Interventions in the elderly: special considerationsAdrian Messerli and Khaled M. Ziada
- Section 57 Precision medicineEdited by Paulus Kirchhof
  - Chapter 57.1 Personalized medicine: an introduction Paulus Kirchhof
  - Chapter 57.2 Personalized management of coronary artery disease Thorsten Kessler and Heribert Schunkert
  - Chapter 57.3 Disease mechanisms guiding therapy Karin Sipido and Tom Guzik
  - Chapter 57.4 Personalized management of atrial fibrillation Larissa Fabritz, Eduard Guasch, Moritz F. Sinner, and Paulus Kirchhof
  - Chapter 57.5 Individualized valve therapy Stephan Baldus and Henrik ten Freyhaus
  - Chapter 57.6 Genetically modified animals as tools to personalize the study of arrhythmia mechanisms and treatment Marina Cerrone, Morten Schak Nielsen, and Mario Delmar
  - Chapter 57.7 Opportunities for personalized approaches in heart failure Simon de Denus, Marie-Pierre Dubé, and Jean-Claude Tardif
  - Chapter 57.8 Personalized therapies for cardiac channelopathies Andrea Mazzanti and Silvia G. Priori
- Section 58 Decision-making and Heart TeamEdited by Patrick Serruys
  - Chapter 58.1 The Heart Team: introductionVasim Farooq and Patrick W. Serruys
  - Chapter 58.2 Heart Teams in coronary artery diseaseVasim Farooq
  - Chapter 58.3 Decision-making and Heart Teams in valvular heart disease: the transcatheter aortic valve implantation team modelMohammad Abdelghani, Fahd Makhdom, and Nicolo Piazza
  - Chapter 58.4 Heart Teams in atrial fibrillationManuel Castella, Hans-Christoph Diener, Gerhard Hindricks, and Paulus Kirchhof
  - Chapter 58.5 Heart Teams in grown-up congenital heart diseaseMohammad Abdelghani, Martina Nassif, Nico A. Blom, David R. Koolbergen, Barbara J. M. Mulder, and Robbert J. de Winter
  - Chapter 58.6 The Heart Team: conclusions and future perspectivesAndras P. Durko, Stuart J. Head, and David P. Taggart
- Section 59 Psychological factors and heart diseaseEdited by Susanne Pedersen
  - Chapter 59.1 Introduction Susanne Pedersen
  - Chapter 59.2 Psychological factors and incident heart disease Susanne Pedersen
  - Chapter 59.3 Psychological impact of heart disease Frank Doyle
  - Chapter 59.4 Impact of psychological factors on outcomes Nina Kupper and Johan Denollet
  - Chapter 59.5 Mechanisms: psychological factors and outcomes Roland von Käenel and Christian Albus
  - Chapter 59.6 The wider psychosocial context Johan Denollet
  - Chapter 59.7 Interventions: what works for whom? Matt Burg
  - Chapter 59.8 Clinical implications and future perspectives Kim Smolderen
  - Chapter 59.9 Conclusions Susanne Pedersen
  - Chapter 59.10 Likely developments over the next 5–10 years Susanne Pedersen
  - Chapter 59.11 Personal perspective Susanne Pedersen
- Section 60 Interpretation of clinical trialsEdited by John Cleland
  - Chapter 60.1 Trial design from a clinical perspective John G. F. Cleland and Ian Ford
  - Chapter 60.2 Clinical trial design: statistical issues Tim Friede
  - Chapter 60.3 Reporting cardiovascular clinical trials Muthiah Vaduganathan and Scott D. Solomon
  - Chapter 60.4 Principles and methods of intervention research Jan G. P. Tijssen
  - Chapter 60.5 Interpretation Pardeep Jhund and John McMurray
  - Chapter 60.6 Meta-analysis Natalie Staplin and Colin Baigent
- Section 61 EnvironmentEdited by Thomas Münzel
  - Chapter 61.1 Summary Thomas Münzel, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Mette Sørensen, Dave Newby, and Robert D. Brook
  - Chapter 61.2 Introduction Thomas Münzel, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Mette Sørensen, Dave Newby, and Robert D. Brook
  - Chapter 61.3 Pathophysiology of noise-induced cardiovascular diseases Thomas Münzel and Mette Sørensen
  - Chapter 61.4 Pathophysiology of air pollution-mediated cardiovascular events Robert D. Brook, David Newby, and Sanjay Rajagopalan
  - Chapter 61.5 Epidemiology of traffic noise and cardiometabolic disease Mette Sørensen and Thomas Münzel
  - Chapter 61.6 Epidemiology of air pollution and cardiometabolic diseases Robert D. Brook, David Newby, and Sanjay Rajagopalan
  - Chapter 61.7 Strategies to mitigate cardiovascular effects of noise and air pollution Thomas Münzel, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Mette Sørensen, Dave Newby, and Robert D. Brook
  - Chapter 61.8 Future perspectives Thomas Münzel, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Mette Sørensen, Dave Newby, and Robert D. Brook
  - Chapter 61.9 Conclusions Thomas Münzel, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Mette Sørensen, Dave Newby, and Robert D. Brook
  - Chapter 61.10 Development and challenges over the next decade Thomas Münzel, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Mette Sørensen, Dave Newby, and Robert D. Brook
- Section 62 Occupational and regulatory aspectsEdited by Demosthenes Katritsis
  - Chapter 62.1 Occupational risk factors for heart disease Demosthenes G. Katritsis, Mark Anderson, and Michael M. Webb-Peploe
  - Chapter 62.2 Regulations concerning individual risk and public safety Demosthenes G. Katritsis, Mark Anderson, and Michael M. Webb-Peploe,
- Section 63 Economics and cost-effectivenessEdited by Lorenzo Mantovani
  - Chapter 63.1 Introduction to health economics and cost-effectiveness of cardiovascular prevention Lorenzo Mantovani
  - Chapter 63.2 Health and economic impact of non-adherence to preventative cardiovascular medicines Dyfrig Hughes
  - Chapter 63.3 Economics of new therapies in electrophysiology Giuseppe Boriani, Lucia D’Angiolella, and Fabiana Madotto
  - Chapter 63.4 Medical economics and interventional cardiology Zaher Fanari, Sandra Weiss, and William S. Weintraub
  - Chapter 63.5 Economics of new therapies for heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and hypercholesterolaemia Lorenzo Mantovani and Lucia S. D’Angiolella
End Matter
- Appendices
- Index

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date: 09 July 2020

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ESC CardioMed (3 edn)

Edited by A. John Camm, Thomas F. Lüscher, Gerald Maurer, and Patrick W. Serruys

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