- Preface
- Contributors
- Symbols and Abbreviations
- Classes of recommendations and levels of evidence
- Amendments and Updates
- Chapter 1.1 Hypertension
- Chapter 1.2 Dyslipidaemia
- Chapter 1.3 Metabolic syndrome and diabetes
- Chapter 1.4 Thrombosis
- Chapter 2.1 Acute coronary syndrome: STEMI and NSTEMI
- Chapter 2.2 Chronic stable angina
- Chapter 2.3 Coronary artery spasm and microvascular angina
- Chapter 2.4 Takotsubo syndrome
- Chapter 3.1 Heart failure
- Chapter 3.2 Heart transplantation
- Chapter 4.1 Atrial fibrillation
- Chapter 4.2 Supraventricular (narrow complex) tachycardias
- Chapter 4.3 Ventricular arrhythmias
- Chapter 4.4 Bradyarrhythmias
- Chapter 4.5 Syncope
- Chapter 5.1 Valvular heart disease
- Chapter 5.2 Myocarditis and pericardial syndromes
- Chapter 5.3 Cardiomyopathy
- Chapter 5.4 Pulmonary hypertension
- Chapter 6.1 Kidney disease
- Chapter 6.2 Pregnancy and lactation
- Chapter 6.3 Liver disease
- Chapter 7.1 Major drug interactions
- Chapter 8.1 Cardiovascular drugs—from A to Z
- Chapter 9.1 Non-cardiac drugs affecting the heart—from A to Z
- Index
(p. 143) Heart failure
- Chapter:
- (p. 143) Heart failure
- Author(s):
Faiez Zannad
, João Pedro Ferreira
, and Theresa McDonagh
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780198759935.003.0009_update_001
Update:
Pharmacological management of chronic heart failure section updated
Table 3.1.4 updated
New section and table on dapagliflozin
Heart failure (HF) is a global pandemic affecting nearly 30 million people worldwide and is increasing in prevalence. Chronic heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) results from impaired systolic dysfunction and represents about half of HF cases. The commonest aetiology is myocardial ischaemia. Chronic heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF) is symptoms and/or signs of heart failure, with left ventricular ejection fraction in the normal range. Acute HF is characterized by a rapid onset of signs and symptoms of HF, requiring urgent treatment. Acute HF may present as a first occurrence (de novo) or, more frequently, as a consequence of acute decompensation of chronic HF and may be caused by primary cardiac dysfunction or precipitated by extrinsic factors, often in patients with chronic HF. The diagnostic, workup, and treatment options for these conditions will be summarized in the chapter.
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- Preface
- Contributors
- Symbols and Abbreviations
- Classes of recommendations and levels of evidence
- Amendments and Updates
- Chapter 1.1 Hypertension
- Chapter 1.2 Dyslipidaemia
- Chapter 1.3 Metabolic syndrome and diabetes
- Chapter 1.4 Thrombosis
- Chapter 2.1 Acute coronary syndrome: STEMI and NSTEMI
- Chapter 2.2 Chronic stable angina
- Chapter 2.3 Coronary artery spasm and microvascular angina
- Chapter 2.4 Takotsubo syndrome
- Chapter 3.1 Heart failure
- Chapter 3.2 Heart transplantation
- Chapter 4.1 Atrial fibrillation
- Chapter 4.2 Supraventricular (narrow complex) tachycardias
- Chapter 4.3 Ventricular arrhythmias
- Chapter 4.4 Bradyarrhythmias
- Chapter 4.5 Syncope
- Chapter 5.1 Valvular heart disease
- Chapter 5.2 Myocarditis and pericardial syndromes
- Chapter 5.3 Cardiomyopathy
- Chapter 5.4 Pulmonary hypertension
- Chapter 6.1 Kidney disease
- Chapter 6.2 Pregnancy and lactation
- Chapter 6.3 Liver disease
- Chapter 7.1 Major drug interactions
- Chapter 8.1 Cardiovascular drugs—from A to Z
- Chapter 9.1 Non-cardiac drugs affecting the heart—from A to Z
- Index