- Preface
- Contributors
- Symbols and Abbreviations
- Classes of recommendations and levels of evidence
- Amendments and Updates
- Chapter 1.1 Hypertension
- Chapter 1.2 Dyslipidaemia
- Chapter 1.3 Metabolic syndrome and diabetes
- Chapter 1.4 Thrombosis
- Chapter 2.1 Acute coronary syndrome: STEMI and NSTEMI
- Chapter 2.2 Chronic stable angina
- Chapter 2.3 Coronary artery spasm and microvascular angina
- Chapter 2.4 Takotsubo syndrome
- Chapter 3.1 Heart failure
- Chapter 3.2 Heart transplantation
- Chapter 4.1 Atrial fibrillation
- Chapter 4.2 Supraventricular (narrow complex) tachycardias
- Chapter 4.3 Ventricular arrhythmias
- Chapter 4.4 Bradyarrhythmias
- Chapter 4.5 Syncope
- Chapter 5.1 Valvular heart disease
- Chapter 5.2 Myocarditis and pericardial syndromes
- Chapter 5.3 Cardiomyopathy
- Chapter 5.4 Pulmonary hypertension
- Chapter 6.1 Kidney disease
- Chapter 6.2 Pregnancy and lactation
- Chapter 6.3 Liver disease
- Chapter 7.1 Major drug interactions
- Chapter 8.1 Cardiovascular drugs—from A to Z
- Chapter 9.1 Non-cardiac drugs affecting the heart—from A to Z
- Index
(p. 289) Pulmonary hypertension
- Chapter:
- (p. 289) Pulmonary hypertension
- Author(s):
James Tonkin
, Kate Ryan
, and Brendan Madden
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780198759935.003.0019
July 29, 2020: This chapter has been re-evaluated and remains up-to-date. No changes have been necessary.
Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by a mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than 25mmHg at rest. Pulmonary hypertension is divided into groups 1 to 5, according to the underlying cause. Group 1 diseases are characterized by plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy, which occurs through nitric oxide, endothelin, and prostacyclin pathways. Investigations for diagnosis include echocardiography, computed tomography pulmonary angiography, and right heart catheterization. Treatment options for group 1 pulmonary hypertension include phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists, prostacyclin analogues, and novel therapies such as selexipag and riociguat. However, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is often treated surgically with pulmonary thromboendarterectomy.
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- Preface
- Contributors
- Symbols and Abbreviations
- Classes of recommendations and levels of evidence
- Amendments and Updates
- Chapter 1.1 Hypertension
- Chapter 1.2 Dyslipidaemia
- Chapter 1.3 Metabolic syndrome and diabetes
- Chapter 1.4 Thrombosis
- Chapter 2.1 Acute coronary syndrome: STEMI and NSTEMI
- Chapter 2.2 Chronic stable angina
- Chapter 2.3 Coronary artery spasm and microvascular angina
- Chapter 2.4 Takotsubo syndrome
- Chapter 3.1 Heart failure
- Chapter 3.2 Heart transplantation
- Chapter 4.1 Atrial fibrillation
- Chapter 4.2 Supraventricular (narrow complex) tachycardias
- Chapter 4.3 Ventricular arrhythmias
- Chapter 4.4 Bradyarrhythmias
- Chapter 4.5 Syncope
- Chapter 5.1 Valvular heart disease
- Chapter 5.2 Myocarditis and pericardial syndromes
- Chapter 5.3 Cardiomyopathy
- Chapter 5.4 Pulmonary hypertension
- Chapter 6.1 Kidney disease
- Chapter 6.2 Pregnancy and lactation
- Chapter 6.3 Liver disease
- Chapter 7.1 Major drug interactions
- Chapter 8.1 Cardiovascular drugs—from A to Z
- Chapter 9.1 Non-cardiac drugs affecting the heart—from A to Z
- Index