- Foreword
- Abbreviations
- Contributors
- Chapter 1 The current classification of bipolar disorders
- Chapter 2 Should the bipolar disorders be modelled dimensionally or categorically?
- Chapter 3 The treatment of bipolar disorder in its early stages: current techniques, challenges, and future outlook
- Chapter 4 Evidence-based treatment of mania
- Chapter 5 The treatment of bipolar mixed states
- Chapter 6 The treatment of rapid cycling bipolar disorder
- Chapter 7 Evidence-based treatment of bipolar depression
- Chapter 8 Evidence-based maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder
- Chapter 9 The treatment of bipolar II disorder
- Chapter 10 The treatment of cyclothymia
- Chapter 11 Psychological interventions for early stage bipolar disorder
- Chapter 12 Psychotherapeutic interventions for bipolar disorder
- Chapter 13 The role of psychoeducation in the management of bipolar disorder
- Chapter 14 Functional remediation therapy for bipolar disorder
- Chapter 15 Predominant polarity, polarity index, and treatment selection in bipolar disorder
- Chapter 16 The assessment and management of suicide risk in bipolar disorder
- Chapter 17 Treatment implications for bipolar disorder co-occurring with anxiety syndromes and substance abuse
- Chapter 18 The impact of psychiatric co-morbidity in the treatment of bipolar disorder: focus on co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and eating disorders
- Chapter 19 Bidirectional relationships between general medical conditions and bipolar disorder: treatment considerations
- Chapter 20 The treatment of bipolar disorder in women
- Chapter 21 The treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents
- Chapter 22 The treatment of bipolar disorder in the elderly
- Chapter 23 The management of treatment-resistant bipolar disorder
- Chapter 24 Staging and neuroprogression in bipolar disorder: treatment implications
- Chapter 25 Pharmacotherapy of bipolar disorder: impact on neurocognition
- Chapter 26 Cognitive enhancement in bipolar disorder: current evidence and methodological considerations
- Chapter 27 The role of electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of bipolar disorder
- Chapter 28 Neuromodulatory approaches for bipolar disorder: current evidences and future perspectives
- Chapter 29 The role of complementary and alternative therapies for the management of bipolar disorder
- Chapter 30 Novel therapeutic targets for bipolar disorder
- Chapter 31 The treatment of bipolar disorder in the era of personalized medicine: myth or promise?
- Index
(p. 488) The treatment of bipolar disorder in the era of personalized medicine: myth or promise?
- Chapter:
- (p. 488) The treatment of bipolar disorder in the era of personalized medicine: myth or promise?
- Author(s):
Chiara Fabbri
and Alessandro Serretti
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780198748625.003.0031
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic disease associated with high personal and socio-economic burden. Genetics accounts for 20–95% of variability in central nervous system drug disposition and pharmacodynamics, thus genetic markers are considered a promising way to develop tailored treatments and improve the prognosis of the disease. Among mood stabilizers, lithium response was the most investigated phenotype and the most replicated genes are involved in synaptic plasticity (BDNF), serotonergic (SLC6A4) and dopaminergic (DRD1) neurotransmission, and second messenger cascades (GSK3B). Relevant pharmacogenetic findings regarding other mood stabilizers are hyperammonaemia (CPS1 gene) and hepatic dysfunction (POLG gene) induced by valproate and immune-mediated cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions (HLA-B*1502) induced by lamotrigine or carbamazepine. Polymorphisms in cytochrome (CYP) P450 genes are expected to provide useful information particularly in case of polypharmacy. Despite few pharmacogenetic tests are currently recommended, the development of pharmacogenetics in other fields of medicine provides an encouraging perspective.
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- Foreword
- Abbreviations
- Contributors
- Chapter 1 The current classification of bipolar disorders
- Chapter 2 Should the bipolar disorders be modelled dimensionally or categorically?
- Chapter 3 The treatment of bipolar disorder in its early stages: current techniques, challenges, and future outlook
- Chapter 4 Evidence-based treatment of mania
- Chapter 5 The treatment of bipolar mixed states
- Chapter 6 The treatment of rapid cycling bipolar disorder
- Chapter 7 Evidence-based treatment of bipolar depression
- Chapter 8 Evidence-based maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder
- Chapter 9 The treatment of bipolar II disorder
- Chapter 10 The treatment of cyclothymia
- Chapter 11 Psychological interventions for early stage bipolar disorder
- Chapter 12 Psychotherapeutic interventions for bipolar disorder
- Chapter 13 The role of psychoeducation in the management of bipolar disorder
- Chapter 14 Functional remediation therapy for bipolar disorder
- Chapter 15 Predominant polarity, polarity index, and treatment selection in bipolar disorder
- Chapter 16 The assessment and management of suicide risk in bipolar disorder
- Chapter 17 Treatment implications for bipolar disorder co-occurring with anxiety syndromes and substance abuse
- Chapter 18 The impact of psychiatric co-morbidity in the treatment of bipolar disorder: focus on co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and eating disorders
- Chapter 19 Bidirectional relationships between general medical conditions and bipolar disorder: treatment considerations
- Chapter 20 The treatment of bipolar disorder in women
- Chapter 21 The treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents
- Chapter 22 The treatment of bipolar disorder in the elderly
- Chapter 23 The management of treatment-resistant bipolar disorder
- Chapter 24 Staging and neuroprogression in bipolar disorder: treatment implications
- Chapter 25 Pharmacotherapy of bipolar disorder: impact on neurocognition
- Chapter 26 Cognitive enhancement in bipolar disorder: current evidence and methodological considerations
- Chapter 27 The role of electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of bipolar disorder
- Chapter 28 Neuromodulatory approaches for bipolar disorder: current evidences and future perspectives
- Chapter 29 The role of complementary and alternative therapies for the management of bipolar disorder
- Chapter 30 Novel therapeutic targets for bipolar disorder
- Chapter 31 The treatment of bipolar disorder in the era of personalized medicine: myth or promise?
- Index