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The treatment of bipolar disorder in the era of personalized medicine: myth or promise? 

The treatment of bipolar disorder in the era of personalized medicine: myth or promise?
Chapter:
The treatment of bipolar disorder in the era of personalized medicine: myth or promise?
Author(s):

Chiara Fabbri

and Alessandro Serretti

DOI:
10.1093/med/9780198748625.003.0031
Page of

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date: 02 July 2022

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic disease associated with high personal and socio-economic burden. Genetics accounts for 20–95% of variability in central nervous system drug disposition and pharmacodynamics, thus genetic markers are considered a promising way to develop tailored treatments and improve the prognosis of the disease. Among mood stabilizers, lithium response was the most investigated phenotype and the most replicated genes are involved in synaptic plasticity (BDNF), serotonergic (SLC6A4) and dopaminergic (DRD1) neurotransmission, and second messenger cascades (GSK3B). Relevant pharmacogenetic findings regarding other mood stabilizers are hyperammonaemia (CPS1 gene) and hepatic dysfunction (POLG gene) induced by valproate and immune-mediated cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions (HLA-B*1502) induced by lamotrigine or carbamazepine. Polymorphisms in cytochrome (CYP) P450 genes are expected to provide useful information particularly in case of polypharmacy. Despite few pharmacogenetic tests are currently recommended, the development of pharmacogenetics in other fields of medicine provides an encouraging perspective.

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