- Section 1 Patients and their treatment
- Section 2 Background to medicine
- Section 3 Cell biology
- Section 4 Immunological mechanisms
- Section 5 Principles of clinical oncology
- Section 6 Old age medicine
- Section 7 Pain and palliative care
- Section 8 Infectious diseases
- Section 9 Sexually transmitted diseases
- Section 10 Environmental medicine, occupational medicine, and poisoning
- Section 11 Nutrition
- Section 12 Metabolic disorders
- Section 13 Endocrine disorders
- Section 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- Section 15 Gastroenterological disorders
- Section 16 Cardiovascular disorders
- Section 17 Critical care medicine
- Section 18 Respiratory disorders
- Section 19 Rheumatological disorders
- Section 20 Disorders of the skeleton
- Section 21 Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
- Section 22 Haematological disorders
- Section 23 Disorders of the skin
- Section 24 Neurological disorders
- 24.1 Introduction and approach to the patient with neurological disease
- 24.2 Mind and brain: Building bridges between neurology, psychiatry, and psychology
- 24.3 Clinical investigation of neurological disease
- 24.4 Higher cerebral function
- 24.5 Epilepsy and disorders of consciousness
- 24.6 Disorders of the special senses
- 24.7 Disorders of movement
- 24.8 Headache
- 24.9 Brainstem syndromes
- 24.10 Specific conditions affecting the central nervous system
- 24.10.1 Stroke: Cerebrovascular disease
- 24.10.2 Demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system
- 24.10.3 Traumatic brain injury
- 24.10.4 Intracranial tumours
- 24.10.5 Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
- 24.11 Infections of the central nervous system
- 24.12 Disorders of cranial nerves
- 24.13 Disorders of the spinal cord
- 24.14 Diseases of the autonomic nervous system
- 24.15 The motor neuron diseases
- 24.16 Diseases of the peripheral nerves
- 24.17 Inherited neurodegenerative diseases
- 24.18 Disorders of the neuromuscular junction
- 24.19 Disorders of muscle
- 24.20 Developmental abnormalities of the central nervous system
- 24.21 Acquired metabolic disorders and the nervous system
- 24.22 Neurological complications of systemic disease
- 24.23 Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes
- 24.24 Autoimmune encephalitis and Morvan’s syndrome
- Section 25 Disorders of the eye
- Section 26 Psychiatric and drug-related disorders
- Section 27 Forensic medicine
- Section 28 Sport and exercise medicine
- Section 29 Biochemistry in medicine
- Section 30 Acute medicine
Traumatic brain injury
- Chapter:
- Traumatic brain injury
- Author(s):
Tim Lawrence
, and Laurence Watkins
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0592
Traumatic brain injury is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. It is an extremely heterogenous condition with respect to mechanism, pathophysiology, injury pattern, and investigation findings, with highly variable outcomes, posing a significant challenge to clinicians treating it.
Essential to the management of traumatic brain injury is an integrated, multidisciplinary approach from rapid resuscitation and early intervention through to rehabilitation. The pathophysiology can be divided into primary and secondary injury, where primary represents the injury at the point of trauma and secondary the progression of injury due to a cascade of downstream events occurring as a consequence of the primary injury and subsequent physiological insults.
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- Section 1 Patients and their treatment
- Section 2 Background to medicine
- Section 3 Cell biology
- Section 4 Immunological mechanisms
- Section 5 Principles of clinical oncology
- Section 6 Old age medicine
- Section 7 Pain and palliative care
- Section 8 Infectious diseases
- Section 9 Sexually transmitted diseases
- Section 10 Environmental medicine, occupational medicine, and poisoning
- Section 11 Nutrition
- Section 12 Metabolic disorders
- Section 13 Endocrine disorders
- Section 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- Section 15 Gastroenterological disorders
- Section 16 Cardiovascular disorders
- Section 17 Critical care medicine
- Section 18 Respiratory disorders
- Section 19 Rheumatological disorders
- Section 20 Disorders of the skeleton
- Section 21 Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
- Section 22 Haematological disorders
- Section 23 Disorders of the skin
- Section 24 Neurological disorders
- 24.1 Introduction and approach to the patient with neurological disease
- 24.2 Mind and brain: Building bridges between neurology, psychiatry, and psychology
- 24.3 Clinical investigation of neurological disease
- 24.4 Higher cerebral function
- 24.5 Epilepsy and disorders of consciousness
- 24.6 Disorders of the special senses
- 24.7 Disorders of movement
- 24.8 Headache
- 24.9 Brainstem syndromes
- 24.10 Specific conditions affecting the central nervous system
- 24.10.1 Stroke: Cerebrovascular disease
- 24.10.2 Demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system
- 24.10.3 Traumatic brain injury
- 24.10.4 Intracranial tumours
- 24.10.5 Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
- 24.11 Infections of the central nervous system
- 24.12 Disorders of cranial nerves
- 24.13 Disorders of the spinal cord
- 24.14 Diseases of the autonomic nervous system
- 24.15 The motor neuron diseases
- 24.16 Diseases of the peripheral nerves
- 24.17 Inherited neurodegenerative diseases
- 24.18 Disorders of the neuromuscular junction
- 24.19 Disorders of muscle
- 24.20 Developmental abnormalities of the central nervous system
- 24.21 Acquired metabolic disorders and the nervous system
- 24.22 Neurological complications of systemic disease
- 24.23 Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes
- 24.24 Autoimmune encephalitis and Morvan’s syndrome
- Section 25 Disorders of the eye
- Section 26 Psychiatric and drug-related disorders
- Section 27 Forensic medicine
- Section 28 Sport and exercise medicine
- Section 29 Biochemistry in medicine
- Section 30 Acute medicine