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Kawasaki disease 

Kawasaki disease
Chapter:
Kawasaki disease
Author(s):

Brian W. McCrindle

DOI:
10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0464
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date: 27 February 2021

Kawasaki disease is an acute, self-limited, inflammatory vasculitis of unknown aetiology, with a peak incidence under five years of age. Coronary complications can present in adults. Its diagnosis requires persistent fever for five days or more and at least four of the following five clinical signs: (1) non-purulent conjunctivitis, (2) oropharyngeal inflammation, (3) cervical lymphadenopathy, (4) polymorphous exanthem, and (5) erythema of the palms and soles with subsequent desquamation. Coronary artery dilation and aneurysms occur in 15–25% of untreated patients. Its primary therapy is with intravenous gammaglobulin. Persistent and resolving coronary artery aneurysms are the predominant long-term morbidity. In adults, new presentations of myocardial ischaemia with coronary artery aneurysms may suggest a previous episode of Kawasaki disease during childhood.

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