- Section 1 Patients and their treatment
- Section 2 Background to medicine
- Section 3 Cell biology
- 3.1 The cell
- 3.2 The genomic basis of medicine
- 3.3 Cytokines
- 3.4 Ion channels and disease
- 3.5 Intracellular signalling
- 3.6 Apoptosis in health and disease
- 3.7 Stem cells and regenerative medicine
- 3.8 The evolution of therapeutic antibodies
- 3.9 Circulating DNA for molecular diagnostics
- Section 4 Immunological mechanisms
- Section 5 Principles of clinical oncology
- Section 6 Old age medicine
- Section 7 Pain and palliative care
- Section 8 Infectious diseases
- Section 9 Sexually transmitted diseases
- Section 10 Environmental medicine, occupational medicine, and poisoning
- Section 11 Nutrition
- Section 12 Metabolic disorders
- Section 13 Endocrine disorders
- Section 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- Section 15 Gastroenterological disorders
- Section 16 Cardiovascular disorders
- Section 17 Critical care medicine
- Section 18 Respiratory disorders
- Section 19 Rheumatological disorders
- Section 20 Disorders of the skeleton
- Section 21 Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
- Section 22 Haematological disorders
- Section 23 Disorders of the skin
- Section 24 Neurological disorders
- Section 25 Disorders of the eye
- Section 26 Psychiatric and drug-related disorders
- Section 27 Forensic medicine
- Section 28 Sport and exercise medicine
- Section 29 Biochemistry in medicine
- Section 30 Acute medicine
(p. 299) Circulating DNA for molecular diagnostics
- Chapter:
- (p. 299) Circulating DNA for molecular diagnostics
- Author(s):
Y.M. Dennis Lo
, and Rossa W.K. Chiu
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0037
Short fragments of cell-free DNA are released into the plasma when cells die. In patients with cancer some of this circulating DNA is released by tumour cells; in pregnant women some is derived from the fetus; and increased amounts are found in many pathological conditions associated with cell death. In each of these circumstances, analysis of cell-free DNA can provide useful clinical information (e.g. detection or monitoring of cancer, determination of mutation status of a fetus). With further improvement in analytical technologies and developments of new markers, it is likely that the application of circulating cell-free DNA and cell-free RNA species in molecular diagnostics will increase in the future.
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- Section 1 Patients and their treatment
- Section 2 Background to medicine
- Section 3 Cell biology
- 3.1 The cell
- 3.2 The genomic basis of medicine
- 3.3 Cytokines
- 3.4 Ion channels and disease
- 3.5 Intracellular signalling
- 3.6 Apoptosis in health and disease
- 3.7 Stem cells and regenerative medicine
- 3.8 The evolution of therapeutic antibodies
- 3.9 Circulating DNA for molecular diagnostics
- Section 4 Immunological mechanisms
- Section 5 Principles of clinical oncology
- Section 6 Old age medicine
- Section 7 Pain and palliative care
- Section 8 Infectious diseases
- Section 9 Sexually transmitted diseases
- Section 10 Environmental medicine, occupational medicine, and poisoning
- Section 11 Nutrition
- Section 12 Metabolic disorders
- Section 13 Endocrine disorders
- Section 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- Section 15 Gastroenterological disorders
- Section 16 Cardiovascular disorders
- Section 17 Critical care medicine
- Section 18 Respiratory disorders
- Section 19 Rheumatological disorders
- Section 20 Disorders of the skeleton
- Section 21 Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
- Section 22 Haematological disorders
- Section 23 Disorders of the skin
- Section 24 Neurological disorders
- Section 25 Disorders of the eye
- Section 26 Psychiatric and drug-related disorders
- Section 27 Forensic medicine
- Section 28 Sport and exercise medicine
- Section 29 Biochemistry in medicine
- Section 30 Acute medicine