- Section 1 Patients and their treatment
- Section 2 Background to medicine
- Section 3 Cell biology
- Section 4 Immunological mechanisms
- Section 5 Principles of clinical oncology
- Section 6 Old age medicine
- Section 7 Pain and palliative care
- Section 8 Infectious diseases
- 8.1 Pathogenic microorganisms and the host
- 8.2 The patient with suspected infection
- 8.3 Immunization
- 8.4 Travel and expedition medicine
- 8.5 Viruses
- 8.6 Bacteria
- 8.7 Fungi (mycoses)
- 8.8 Protozoa
- 8.9 Nematodes (roundworms)
- 8.10 Cestodes (tapeworms)
- 8.11 Trematodes (flukes)
- 8.11.1 Schistosomiasis
- 8.11.2 Liver fluke infections
- 8.11.3 Lung flukes (paragonimiasis)
- 8.11.4 Intestinal trematode infections
- 8.12 Nonvenomous arthropods
- 8.13 Pentastomiasis (porocephalosis, linguatulosis/linguatuliasis, or tongue worm infection)
- Section 9 Sexually transmitted diseases
- Section 10 Environmental medicine, occupational medicine, and poisoning
- Section 11 Nutrition
- Section 12 Metabolic disorders
- Section 13 Endocrine disorders
- Section 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- Section 15 Gastroenterological disorders
- Section 16 Cardiovascular disorders
- Section 17 Critical care medicine
- Section 18 Respiratory disorders
- Section 19 Rheumatological disorders
- Section 20 Disorders of the skeleton
- Section 21 Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
- Section 22 Haematological disorders
- Section 23 Disorders of the skin
- Section 24 Neurological disorders
- Section 25 Disorders of the eye
- Section 26 Psychiatric and drug-related disorders
- Section 27 Forensic medicine
- Section 28 Sport and exercise medicine
- Section 29 Biochemistry in medicine
- Section 30 Acute medicine
Liver fluke infections
- Author(s):
Ross H. Andrews
, Narong Khuntikeo
, Paiboon Sithithaworn
, and Trevor N. Petney
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0183
Liver flukes, otherwise known as trematodes, are leaf-like hermaphroditic flatworms. In certain parts of the world, the hepatobiliary system of humans is commonly infected by flukes of the genera Clonorchis and Opisthorchis and occasionally by other species. Humans acquire liver fluke infection by the ingestion of viable metacercariae that are found in second intermediate hosts through raw or partially cooked food, predominately cyprinid fish. These infections are usually diagnosed by finding eggs in the faeces. The diseases caused by liver flukes range from asymptomatic, mild disease to fatal bile duct cancer. Currently the drugs of choice for treatment of liver fluke infection are praziquantel and triclabendazole.
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- Section 1 Patients and their treatment
- Section 2 Background to medicine
- Section 3 Cell biology
- Section 4 Immunological mechanisms
- Section 5 Principles of clinical oncology
- Section 6 Old age medicine
- Section 7 Pain and palliative care
- Section 8 Infectious diseases
- 8.1 Pathogenic microorganisms and the host
- 8.2 The patient with suspected infection
- 8.3 Immunization
- 8.4 Travel and expedition medicine
- 8.5 Viruses
- 8.6 Bacteria
- 8.7 Fungi (mycoses)
- 8.8 Protozoa
- 8.9 Nematodes (roundworms)
- 8.10 Cestodes (tapeworms)
- 8.11 Trematodes (flukes)
- 8.11.1 Schistosomiasis
- 8.11.2 Liver fluke infections
- 8.11.3 Lung flukes (paragonimiasis)
- 8.11.4 Intestinal trematode infections
- 8.12 Nonvenomous arthropods
- 8.13 Pentastomiasis (porocephalosis, linguatulosis/linguatuliasis, or tongue worm infection)
- Section 9 Sexually transmitted diseases
- Section 10 Environmental medicine, occupational medicine, and poisoning
- Section 11 Nutrition
- Section 12 Metabolic disorders
- Section 13 Endocrine disorders
- Section 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- Section 15 Gastroenterological disorders
- Section 16 Cardiovascular disorders
- Section 17 Critical care medicine
- Section 18 Respiratory disorders
- Section 19 Rheumatological disorders
- Section 20 Disorders of the skeleton
- Section 21 Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
- Section 22 Haematological disorders
- Section 23 Disorders of the skin
- Section 24 Neurological disorders
- Section 25 Disorders of the eye
- Section 26 Psychiatric and drug-related disorders
- Section 27 Forensic medicine
- Section 28 Sport and exercise medicine
- Section 29 Biochemistry in medicine
- Section 30 Acute medicine