- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Abbreviations
- Section 1 Fundamentals of healthy nutrition and lifestyle
- Chapter 1 The importance of nutrition and lifestyle to healthy development
- Chapter 2 Conceptual background to healthy growth and development
- Section 2 Nutritional requirements of pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 3 Practicalities: understanding nutrient recommendations
- Chapter 4 Macronutrients and fibre requirements during pregnancy
- Chapter 5 Polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 6 Vitamin A in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 7 Vitamin B<sub>1</sub> (thiamine) in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 8 Vitamin B<sub>2</sub> (riboflavin) in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 9 Vitamin B<sub>3</sub> (niacin) in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 10 Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> (pyridoxine) in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 11 Vitamin B<sub>7</sub> (biotin) in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 12 Vitamin B<sub>9</sub> (folate) in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 13 Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> (cobalamin) in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 14 Choline in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 15 Vitamin D in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 16 Vitamin K in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 17 Vitamins C and E and other antioxidants in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 18 Calcium in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 19 Iodine in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 20 Iron in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 21 Magnesium in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 22 Potassium in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 23 Selenium in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 24 Copper in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 25 Zinc in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 26 Manganese in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 27 Prebiotics and probiotics in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Section 3 A healthy lifestyle for a healthy pregnancy
- Chapter 28 Pre-conception maternal body composition and gestational weight gain
- Chapter 29 Exercise and physical activity in pregnancy
- Chapter 30 Foods, exposures, and lifestyle risk factors in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 31 Cultural and traditional food practices in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 32 Traditional and herbal remedies in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 33 Maternal stress in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 34 Effects of maternal age on pregnancy outcomes
- Chapter 35 Paternal factors that affect conception and pregnancy
- Section 4 A management guide—from before conception to weaning
- Chapter 36 Guidelines for the pre-conception period
- Chapter 37 Guidelines for pregnancy
- Chapter 38 Guidelines for breastfeeding and weaning
- References
- Subject Index
(p. 227) Foods, exposures, and lifestyle risk factors in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter:
- (p. 227) Foods, exposures, and lifestyle risk factors in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Author(s):
Sir Peter Gluckman
, Mark Hanson
, Chong Yap Seng
, and Anne Bardsley
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780198722700.003.0030
Advice for pregnant women on food avoidance, dangerous exposures, and inappropriate behaviours abounds on the internet and through various information sources. This chapter reviews the evidence base for such advice and clarifies issues where common advice is not supported by credible data. Foods containing potential teratogens, mutagens, or toxicants that need consideration include liver (high vitamin A), some herbal teas, contaminated grains, predatory fish, caffeine-containing foods, and various sources of foodborne infections. Exposure to environmental toxicants such as lead, pesticides, herbicides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, bisphenol-A, and other endocrine-disrupting chemicals should be avoided, as should alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. Restrictive diets and unusual dietary cravings (pica) need to be properly managed. Evidence for harm from personal care products is generally weak, but pregnant women may choose to avoid some unnecessary exposures.
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- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Abbreviations
- Section 1 Fundamentals of healthy nutrition and lifestyle
- Chapter 1 The importance of nutrition and lifestyle to healthy development
- Chapter 2 Conceptual background to healthy growth and development
- Section 2 Nutritional requirements of pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 3 Practicalities: understanding nutrient recommendations
- Chapter 4 Macronutrients and fibre requirements during pregnancy
- Chapter 5 Polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 6 Vitamin A in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 7 Vitamin B<sub>1</sub> (thiamine) in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 8 Vitamin B<sub>2</sub> (riboflavin) in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 9 Vitamin B<sub>3</sub> (niacin) in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 10 Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> (pyridoxine) in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 11 Vitamin B<sub>7</sub> (biotin) in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 12 Vitamin B<sub>9</sub> (folate) in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 13 Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> (cobalamin) in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 14 Choline in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 15 Vitamin D in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 16 Vitamin K in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 17 Vitamins C and E and other antioxidants in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 18 Calcium in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 19 Iodine in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 20 Iron in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 21 Magnesium in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 22 Potassium in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 23 Selenium in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 24 Copper in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 25 Zinc in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 26 Manganese in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 27 Prebiotics and probiotics in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Section 3 A healthy lifestyle for a healthy pregnancy
- Chapter 28 Pre-conception maternal body composition and gestational weight gain
- Chapter 29 Exercise and physical activity in pregnancy
- Chapter 30 Foods, exposures, and lifestyle risk factors in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 31 Cultural and traditional food practices in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 32 Traditional and herbal remedies in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 33 Maternal stress in pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Chapter 34 Effects of maternal age on pregnancy outcomes
- Chapter 35 Paternal factors that affect conception and pregnancy
- Section 4 A management guide—from before conception to weaning
- Chapter 36 Guidelines for the pre-conception period
- Chapter 37 Guidelines for pregnancy
- Chapter 38 Guidelines for breastfeeding and weaning
- References
- Subject Index