- Section 1 Ageing population and policy
- Section 2 Key concepts in care of older adults
- Section 3 Principles and organization of care
- Section 4 Age-related biological changes, altered physiology, and vulnerability to diseases and chronic conditions
- Section 5 Geriatric syndromes in clinical practice
- Section 6 Nutrition and metabolism
- Section 7 Mobility disorders: prevention, impact, and compensation
- Section 8 Infections in older adults: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
- Section 9 Cancer: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
- Section 10 Vascular diseases: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
- Section 11 Neurological disorders: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
- Section 12 Cognitive decline and dementia in older adults: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
- Section 13 Mental health of older adults
- Section 14 Management of common medical conditions: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
- Section 15 Palliative medicine and end-of-life care
- Section 16 Healthy ageing
- Chapter 161 Healthy ageing phenotypes and trajectories
- Chapter 162 Empowerment of the ageing population: a contribution to active ageing
- Chapter 163 Midlife risk factors of diseases and geriatric syndromes
- Chapter 164 Optimizing physical activity across the lifespan
- Chapter 165 Nutrition, ageing, and longevity
- Chapter 166 Optimizing cognition in older adults: lifestyle factors, neuroplasticity, and cognitive reserve
- Chapter 167 Preserving mental health and well-being
- Chapter 168 Clinical translation of interventions that target ageing: towards a longevity dividend
- Chapter 169 Driving, transportation, and mobility in the older adult
- Chapter 170 Nanosciences and the medicine of ageing
- Chapter 171 Gerontechnology
- Chapter 172 Personalized medicine for older adults
- Chapter 173 What next for geriatric medicine?
(p. 1259) Midlife risk factors of diseases and geriatric syndromes
- Chapter:
- (p. 1259) Midlife risk factors of diseases and geriatric syndromes
- Author(s):
Timo E. Strandberg
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0163
Environmental risk factors for adverse health outcomes are usually evident by midlife. Genes and the ageing process modify the risk factor actions, and together become the main causes of chronic non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and the most common forms of cancer (breast, prostate, colon) later in life. The most important lifestyle-related or environmental risk factors include diet, smoking, and physical inactivity, which often contribute to traditional or medical risk factors including hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and hyperglycemia, which are the downstream antecedents of many other disease states. Further, it is increasingly evident that the occurrence of common geriatric syndromes, including frailty and mild cognitive impairment, can also be predicted by midlife risk factors. Current knowledge of risk factor development during the life course, and evidence-based prevention should be better utilized in the long-term prevention of health problems in old age.
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- Section 1 Ageing population and policy
- Section 2 Key concepts in care of older adults
- Section 3 Principles and organization of care
- Section 4 Age-related biological changes, altered physiology, and vulnerability to diseases and chronic conditions
- Section 5 Geriatric syndromes in clinical practice
- Section 6 Nutrition and metabolism
- Section 7 Mobility disorders: prevention, impact, and compensation
- Section 8 Infections in older adults: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
- Section 9 Cancer: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
- Section 10 Vascular diseases: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
- Section 11 Neurological disorders: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
- Section 12 Cognitive decline and dementia in older adults: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
- Section 13 Mental health of older adults
- Section 14 Management of common medical conditions: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management
- Section 15 Palliative medicine and end-of-life care
- Section 16 Healthy ageing
- Chapter 161 Healthy ageing phenotypes and trajectories
- Chapter 162 Empowerment of the ageing population: a contribution to active ageing
- Chapter 163 Midlife risk factors of diseases and geriatric syndromes
- Chapter 164 Optimizing physical activity across the lifespan
- Chapter 165 Nutrition, ageing, and longevity
- Chapter 166 Optimizing cognition in older adults: lifestyle factors, neuroplasticity, and cognitive reserve
- Chapter 167 Preserving mental health and well-being
- Chapter 168 Clinical translation of interventions that target ageing: towards a longevity dividend
- Chapter 169 Driving, transportation, and mobility in the older adult
- Chapter 170 Nanosciences and the medicine of ageing
- Chapter 171 Gerontechnology
- Chapter 172 Personalized medicine for older adults
- Chapter 173 What next for geriatric medicine?