(p. 907) Stroke: epidemiology of different types of strokes 

This chapter describes the epidemiology of stroke, a major cause of disability and premature death worldwide. The accurate classification of strokes is critical in conducting research and guiding clinical management. There are a number of classifications in clinical use, although a precise delineation of stroke subtypes requires the integration of clinical features, findings from diagnostic tests, and knowledge about potential aetiologic factors. Variations in incidence and mortality rates after stroke represent complex interactions between changing population demographics and risk factors, the availability and accessibility of preventative and curative measures, and differences in methods of case ascertainment worldwide. However, the widening gap between low- and high-income countries remains a significant challenge for long-term stroke strategies and this must be addressed before a true worldwide reduction in stroke incidence and mortality can be demonstrated.