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Toxoplasmosis, sarcocystosis, isosporosis, and cyclosporosis 

Toxoplasmosis, sarcocystosis, isosporosis, and cyclosporosis
Chapter:
Toxoplasmosis, sarcocystosis, isosporosis, and cyclosporosis
Author(s):

J. P. Dubey

DOI:
10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0054
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date: 16 January 2021

Toxoplasmosis is a protozoan disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. It is widely prevalent in humans and animals throughout the world, especially in the western hemisphere. Virtually all warm-blooded animals can act as intermediate hosts but the life cycle is completed only in cats, the definitive host. Cats excrete the resistant stage of T. gondii (oocysts) in faeces, and oocysts can survive in the environment for months. Humans become infected congenitally, by ingesting undercooked infected meat, or by ingesting food and water contaminated with oocysts from cat faeces. It can cause mental retardation and loss of vision in congenitally infected children and deaths in immunosuppressed patients, especially those with AIDS. There is no vaccine to control toxoplasmosis in humans at the present time but one is available for reduction of fetal losses in sheep.

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