- Preface
- Contributors
- Abbreviations
- PART 1 Introduction
- Chapter 1 The global challenge of zoonoses control
- Chapter 2 Deliberate release of zoonotic agents
- Chapter 3 Veterinary and human health surveillance and risk analysis of zoonoses in the UK and Europe
- Chapter 4 Health impact assessment and burden of zoonotic diseases
- Chapter 5 Antimicrobial resistance: animal use of antibiotics
- PART 2 Bacterial, chlamydial, and rickettsial zoonoses
- Chapter 6 Anthrax
- Chapter 7 Brucellosis
- Chapter 8 Verocytotoxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (VTEC) infections
- Chapter 9 Lyme borreliosis
- Chapter 10 Tick-borne rickettsial diseases
- Chapter 11 Flea-borne rickettsial diseases
- Chapter 12 Epidemic and murine typhus
- Chapter 13 Scrub typhus
- Chapter 14 Listeriosis
- Chapter 15 Mycobacterioses
- Chapter 16 Campylobacteriosis
- Chapter 17 Chlamydiosis
- Chapter 18 Q fever
- Chapter 19a Other bacterial diseasesDiseases caused by corynebacteria and related organisms
- Chapter 19b Other bacterial diseasesAnaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis and neorickettsiosis
- Chapter 19c Other bacterial diseasesPasteurellosis
- Chapter 19d Other bacterial diseasesRat-bite fevers
- Chapter 19e Other bacterial diseasesStreptococcosis
- Chapter 19f Other bacterial diseasesCat-scratch disease
- Chapter 19g Other bacterial diseasesErysipeloid
- Chapter 19h Other bacterial diseasesStaphylococcal zoonoses
- Chapter 20 Leptospirosis
- Chapter 21 Yersiniosis and plague
- Chapter 22 Glanders
- Chapter 23 Salmonellosis
- Chapter 24 Tularaemia
- PART 3 Viral zoonoses
- Chapter 25 Arenaviruses
- Chapter 26 Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
- Chapter 27 Foot-and-mouth disease, Vesicular stomatitis, Newcastle disease, and Swine vesicular disease
- Chapter 28 Hantaviruses
- Chapter 29 Herpes B virus (Cercopithecine Herpes 1)
- Chapter 30 Influenza
- Chapter 31 Marburg and Ebola viruses
- Chapter 32 Mosquito-borne arboviruses
- Chapter 33 Poxviruses
- Chapter 34 Prion-protein-related diseases of animals and man
- Chapter 35 Rabies and rabies-related lyssaviruses
- Chapter 36 Rift Valley fever
- Chapter 37 Tick-borne encephalitides
- Chapter 38 Yellow fever
- Chapter 39 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
- Chapter 40 Zoonotic paramyxoviruses
- Chapter 41 Hepatitis E virus
- PART 4 Parasitic zoonoses
- Chapter 42 African trypanosomosis
- Chapter 43 American trypanosomosis (Chagas disease)
- Chapter 44 The Leishmanioses
- Chapter 45 <i>Giardia</i> infections
- Chapter 46 Cryptosporidiosis
- Chapter 47 Toxoplasmosis, sarcocystosis, isosporosis, and cyclosporosis
- Chapter 48 Babesiosis and malaria
- Chapter 49 Microsporidiosis
- Chapter 50 Blastocystosis
- Chapter 51 Cysticercosis and taeniosis: Taenia solium, Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica
- Chapter 52 Other adult and larval cestodes
- Chapter 53 Cystic echinococcosis
- Chapter 54 Alveolar echinococcosis (<i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i>)
- Chapter 55 Zoonotic schistosomosis (schistosomiasis)
- Chapter 56 Other non-<i>Fasciola</i> trematode infections
- Chapter 57 Strongyloidosis
- Chapter 58 Capillariosis
- Chapter 59 <i>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</i> and Human angiostrongylosis
- Chapter 60 Zoonotic infections with filarial nematodes
- Chapter 61 Trichinellosis
- Chapter 62 Zoonotic hookworm infections
- Chapter 63 Anisakiosis (Anisakidosis)
- Chapter 64 Toxocarosis
- Chapter 65 Trichostrongylidosis
- Chapter 66 Scabies and other mite infections
- Chapter 67 Flea infestations
- Chapter 68 The Myiases
- Chapter 69 Histoplasmosis
- Chapter 70 Zoonotic infections with dermatophyte fungi
- Chapter 71 Occasional, miscellaneous, and opportunistic parasites and fungi
- Chapter 72 Fasciolosis
- Index
(p. 522) Giardia infections
- Chapter:
- (p. 522) Giardia infections
- Author(s):
R. C. Andrew Thompson
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0052
Giardia is a ubiquitous intestinal protozoan parasite of vertebrates and the most common intestinal pathogen of humans and domestic animals with a worldwide distribution including both temperate and tropical regions.
Giardia was first observed in 1681 by Antony van Leeuwenhoek in his own faeces (Dobell 1920), and the organism has intrigued biologists and clinicians ever since. However, the first detailed description of the parasite was not given until two centuries later by Lambl (1859). Koch’s postulation was proven by Rendtorff in 1954 when he successfully transmitted symptomatic Giardia infection to human volunteers following orally administered cysts. The first symptoms of clinical giardiasis were reported in the early 1920s, although the significance of Giardia as a cause of diarrhoeal disease was controversial for many years (see Farthing 1994; Cox 1998), and it is only recently that the significance of Giardia as a cause of chronic disease in children and its association with failure to thrive, wasting and malabsorption syndromes has been fully realised (reviewed in Farthing 1994; Hall 1994; Gracey 1994; Rabbani and Islam 1994; Hesham et al. 2005; Savioli et al. 2006; Thompson 2008).
The question of Giardia ’s role as a source of zoonotically transmitted disease again has been controversial. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that Giardia should be considered as a zoonotic agent in 1979 (Anon. 1979). Since that time, increasing circumstantial epidemiological evidence from waterborne outbreaks, the results of some cross-infection experiments and molecular characterization studies of Giardia isolates from humans and other animals has led most authorities to conclude that Giardia should be considered a zoonotic parasite (Acha and Szyfres 2003; Savioli et al. 2006; and reviewed in Thompson 2004). However, as discussed below, the frequency of zoonotic transmission is uncertain.
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- Preface
- Contributors
- Abbreviations
- PART 1 Introduction
- Chapter 1 The global challenge of zoonoses control
- Chapter 2 Deliberate release of zoonotic agents
- Chapter 3 Veterinary and human health surveillance and risk analysis of zoonoses in the UK and Europe
- Chapter 4 Health impact assessment and burden of zoonotic diseases
- Chapter 5 Antimicrobial resistance: animal use of antibiotics
- PART 2 Bacterial, chlamydial, and rickettsial zoonoses
- Chapter 6 Anthrax
- Chapter 7 Brucellosis
- Chapter 8 Verocytotoxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (VTEC) infections
- Chapter 9 Lyme borreliosis
- Chapter 10 Tick-borne rickettsial diseases
- Chapter 11 Flea-borne rickettsial diseases
- Chapter 12 Epidemic and murine typhus
- Chapter 13 Scrub typhus
- Chapter 14 Listeriosis
- Chapter 15 Mycobacterioses
- Chapter 16 Campylobacteriosis
- Chapter 17 Chlamydiosis
- Chapter 18 Q fever
- Chapter 19a Other bacterial diseasesDiseases caused by corynebacteria and related organisms
- Chapter 19b Other bacterial diseasesAnaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis and neorickettsiosis
- Chapter 19c Other bacterial diseasesPasteurellosis
- Chapter 19d Other bacterial diseasesRat-bite fevers
- Chapter 19e Other bacterial diseasesStreptococcosis
- Chapter 19f Other bacterial diseasesCat-scratch disease
- Chapter 19g Other bacterial diseasesErysipeloid
- Chapter 19h Other bacterial diseasesStaphylococcal zoonoses
- Chapter 20 Leptospirosis
- Chapter 21 Yersiniosis and plague
- Chapter 22 Glanders
- Chapter 23 Salmonellosis
- Chapter 24 Tularaemia
- PART 3 Viral zoonoses
- Chapter 25 Arenaviruses
- Chapter 26 Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
- Chapter 27 Foot-and-mouth disease, Vesicular stomatitis, Newcastle disease, and Swine vesicular disease
- Chapter 28 Hantaviruses
- Chapter 29 Herpes B virus (Cercopithecine Herpes 1)
- Chapter 30 Influenza
- Chapter 31 Marburg and Ebola viruses
- Chapter 32 Mosquito-borne arboviruses
- Chapter 33 Poxviruses
- Chapter 34 Prion-protein-related diseases of animals and man
- Chapter 35 Rabies and rabies-related lyssaviruses
- Chapter 36 Rift Valley fever
- Chapter 37 Tick-borne encephalitides
- Chapter 38 Yellow fever
- Chapter 39 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
- Chapter 40 Zoonotic paramyxoviruses
- Chapter 41 Hepatitis E virus
- PART 4 Parasitic zoonoses
- Chapter 42 African trypanosomosis
- Chapter 43 American trypanosomosis (Chagas disease)
- Chapter 44 The Leishmanioses
- Chapter 45 <i>Giardia</i> infections
- Chapter 46 Cryptosporidiosis
- Chapter 47 Toxoplasmosis, sarcocystosis, isosporosis, and cyclosporosis
- Chapter 48 Babesiosis and malaria
- Chapter 49 Microsporidiosis
- Chapter 50 Blastocystosis
- Chapter 51 Cysticercosis and taeniosis: Taenia solium, Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica
- Chapter 52 Other adult and larval cestodes
- Chapter 53 Cystic echinococcosis
- Chapter 54 Alveolar echinococcosis (<i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i>)
- Chapter 55 Zoonotic schistosomosis (schistosomiasis)
- Chapter 56 Other non-<i>Fasciola</i> trematode infections
- Chapter 57 Strongyloidosis
- Chapter 58 Capillariosis
- Chapter 59 <i>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</i> and Human angiostrongylosis
- Chapter 60 Zoonotic infections with filarial nematodes
- Chapter 61 Trichinellosis
- Chapter 62 Zoonotic hookworm infections
- Chapter 63 Anisakiosis (Anisakidosis)
- Chapter 64 Toxocarosis
- Chapter 65 Trichostrongylidosis
- Chapter 66 Scabies and other mite infections
- Chapter 67 Flea infestations
- Chapter 68 The Myiases
- Chapter 69 Histoplasmosis
- Chapter 70 Zoonotic infections with dermatophyte fungi
- Chapter 71 Occasional, miscellaneous, and opportunistic parasites and fungi
- Chapter 72 Fasciolosis
- Index