Idiopathic/primary syndromes
Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease is a clinical syndrome characterized by the gradual onset and progression of tremor, rigidity, akinesia, and defects of posture and locomotion and various non-motor symptoms, not due to any other recognized cause. Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease is defined as the clinical syndrome of parkinsonism associated with a distinctive pathology comprising degeneration of pigmented brainstem nuclei, including the dopaminergic substantia nigra pars compacta, with the presence of Lewy bodies in remaining nerve cells.
Access to the complete content on Oxford Medicine Online requires a subscription or purchase. Public users are able to search the site and view the abstracts for each book and chapter without a subscription.
Please subscribe or login to access full text content.
If you have purchased a print title that contains an access token, please see the token for information about how to register your code.
For questions on access or troubleshooting, please check our FAQs, and if you can't find the answer there, please contact us.