- 1 A Historical Perspective on the Development of Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices
- 2 Indications for Mechanical Circulatory Support
- 3 Frailty: Assessment and Associations with Outcomes
- 4 Palliative Care in Mechanical Circulatory Support
- 5 Psychosocial Assessment of Patients Considered for Mechanical Circulatory Support
- 6 Left Ventricular Assist Device Backup for Conventional Surgery
- 7 Preoperative Strategies for Optimizing Mechanical Circulatory Support
- 8 Mechanical Circulatory Support in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension
- 9 Selecting Children for Mechanical Circulatory Support
- 10 Device Selection for Short- and Long-Term Mechanical Circulatory Support
- 11 The HeartMate II™ Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist System
- 12 The Abbott HeartMate 3™ Left Ventricular Assist System
- 13 The HeartWare<sup>™</sup> HVAD<sup>™</sup> Left Ventricular Assist Device
- 14 The Medtronic Miniature Left Ventricular Assist Device (MVAD)<sup>™</sup> System
- 15 The ReliantHeart aVAD<sup>©</sup>
- 16 The Syncardia Total Artificial Heart
- 17 Counterpulsation Circulatory Assist Devices
- 18 Abiomed Impella Platform
- 19 The Tandem: Life System
- 20 The Abbott CentriMag™ Acute Circulatory Support System and the HeartMate Percutaneous Heart Pump™
- 21 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
- 22 The Berlin Heart Ventricular Assist Devices
- 23 EVAHEART<sup>®</sup> 2 Left Ventricular Assist Device System
- 24 Anesthesia
- 25 Perfusion Considerations
- 26 Echocardiography in Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipients
- 27 Implantation of Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices via Sternotomy Technical Considerations
- 28 The Less-Invasive (Lateral) Approach to Left Ventricular Device Implantation
- 29 Concomitant Cardiac Valve Procedures with Circulatory Support Device Implantation
- 30 Providing Mechanical Support to Children Size and Anatomical Considerations
- 31 Postoperative Management after Assist Device Implantation
- 32 Anticoagulation Strategies for Patients on Mechanical Circulation Support
- 33 Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome with Mechanical Circulatory Support
- 34 Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices
- 35 Pump Thrombosis
- 36 Infectious Complications of Mechanical Circulatory Support
- 37 Cerebral Blood Flow and Stroke in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices
- 38 Right Heart Dysfunction
- 39 Renal Failure and Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices
- 40 Arrhythmia/Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation
- 41 Aortic Regurgitation in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices
- 42 Modalities of Left Ventricular Assist Device Optimization
- 43 The CardioMEMS Heart Failure Monitoring System
- 44 Mechanical Circulatory Support as a Bridge to Recovery
- 45 Cardiac and Physical Rehabilitation
- 46 The VAD Coordinator Roles and Responsibilities in Caring for Patients with Ventricular Assist Devices
(p. 152) Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
- Chapter:
- (p. 152) Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
- Author(s):
J. Kyle Bohman
and Gregory J. Schears
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780190909291.003.0021
This chapter examines the indications, applications, and complications of modern extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The safety profile of ECMO has improved through advancements in devices, components, and routine management, resulting in improved outcomes and an expanded range of applications. Currently, ECMO can provide cardiopulmonary support in reversible conditions, such as post-cardiotomy shock, acute respiratory failure, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, bridge to transplant, complex airway repairs, and massive pulmonary embolism, among others. The chapter focuses on the primary factors involved in using ECMO successfully: appropriate patient selection, optimal cannulation strategy, and availability of comprehensive medical resources (or a referral agreement with a comprehensive ECMO center) to handle emergent ECMO complications and to absorb the substantial resource requirements of treating patients with ECMO.
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- 1 A Historical Perspective on the Development of Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices
- 2 Indications for Mechanical Circulatory Support
- 3 Frailty: Assessment and Associations with Outcomes
- 4 Palliative Care in Mechanical Circulatory Support
- 5 Psychosocial Assessment of Patients Considered for Mechanical Circulatory Support
- 6 Left Ventricular Assist Device Backup for Conventional Surgery
- 7 Preoperative Strategies for Optimizing Mechanical Circulatory Support
- 8 Mechanical Circulatory Support in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension
- 9 Selecting Children for Mechanical Circulatory Support
- 10 Device Selection for Short- and Long-Term Mechanical Circulatory Support
- 11 The HeartMate II™ Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist System
- 12 The Abbott HeartMate 3™ Left Ventricular Assist System
- 13 The HeartWare<sup>™</sup> HVAD<sup>™</sup> Left Ventricular Assist Device
- 14 The Medtronic Miniature Left Ventricular Assist Device (MVAD)<sup>™</sup> System
- 15 The ReliantHeart aVAD<sup>©</sup>
- 16 The Syncardia Total Artificial Heart
- 17 Counterpulsation Circulatory Assist Devices
- 18 Abiomed Impella Platform
- 19 The Tandem: Life System
- 20 The Abbott CentriMag™ Acute Circulatory Support System and the HeartMate Percutaneous Heart Pump™
- 21 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
- 22 The Berlin Heart Ventricular Assist Devices
- 23 EVAHEART<sup>®</sup> 2 Left Ventricular Assist Device System
- 24 Anesthesia
- 25 Perfusion Considerations
- 26 Echocardiography in Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipients
- 27 Implantation of Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices via Sternotomy Technical Considerations
- 28 The Less-Invasive (Lateral) Approach to Left Ventricular Device Implantation
- 29 Concomitant Cardiac Valve Procedures with Circulatory Support Device Implantation
- 30 Providing Mechanical Support to Children Size and Anatomical Considerations
- 31 Postoperative Management after Assist Device Implantation
- 32 Anticoagulation Strategies for Patients on Mechanical Circulation Support
- 33 Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome with Mechanical Circulatory Support
- 34 Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices
- 35 Pump Thrombosis
- 36 Infectious Complications of Mechanical Circulatory Support
- 37 Cerebral Blood Flow and Stroke in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices
- 38 Right Heart Dysfunction
- 39 Renal Failure and Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices
- 40 Arrhythmia/Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation
- 41 Aortic Regurgitation in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices
- 42 Modalities of Left Ventricular Assist Device Optimization
- 43 The CardioMEMS Heart Failure Monitoring System
- 44 Mechanical Circulatory Support as a Bridge to Recovery
- 45 Cardiac and Physical Rehabilitation
- 46 The VAD Coordinator Roles and Responsibilities in Caring for Patients with Ventricular Assist Devices