- Target Audience
- Overall Learning Objectives
- Faculty
- Physician Continuing Medical Education
- Pharmacist Continuing Education
- Nursing Continuing Education
- Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest
- Disclosure of Unlabeled Use
- 1. Epidemiology and the Spread of HIV
- 2. The Origin, Evolution, and Epidemiology of HIV-1 and HIV-2
- 3. Mechanisms of HIV Transmission
- 4. HIV Transmission Prevention
- 5. Immunology
- 6. HIV Cure Strategies<sup>a</sup>
- 7. HIV Testing and Counseling
- 8. Laboratory Testing Strategies
- 9. The Medical History and Physical Examination of the HIV-Infected Patient
- 10. Initial Laboratory Evaluation and Risk Stratification of the HIV-Infected Patient
- 11. Clinical Syndromes and Differential Diagnosis in the HIV-Infected Patient
- 12. Health Maintenance
- 13. Issues in Specific Patient Populations
- 14. Complementary and Alternative Medicine/Integrative Medicine Approaches
- 15. Care Coordination
- 16. Palliative Care and End-of-Life Support
- 17. HIV Virology
- 18. Principles of Applied Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Antiretroviral Therapy
- 19. Classes of Antiretrovirals
- 20. Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy
- 21. HIV-1 Resistance to Antiretroviral Drugs
- 22. Managing the Patient with Multidrug-Resistant HIV
- 23. Future Antiretrovirals, Immune-Based Strategies, and Therapeutic Vaccines
- 24. The Pharmacist’s Role in Caring for HIV-Positive Individuals
- 25. Solid Organ Transplantation in HIV-Infected Individuals
- 26. Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnant Women
- 27. Antiretroviral Therapy in Children and Newborns
- 28. Immunosuppressants and Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Positive Transplant Patients
- 29. Understanding and Managing Antineoplastic and Antiretroviral Therapy
- 30. Substance Abuse in HIV Populations
- 31. Understanding the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs in the Aging Patient
- 32. Opportunistic Infections
- 33. Malignant Diseases in HIV
- 34. Dermatologic Complications
- 35. Endocrine Disorders
- 36. Non-opportunistic Infections
- 37. Psychiatric Illness and Treatment in HIV Populations
- 38. HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
- 39. HIV/Hepatitis Co-infection
- 40. Ocular Complications
- 41. Cardiovascular Disease
- 42. Renal Complications
- 43. Musculoskeletal Complications of HIV
- 44. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- 45. HIV and Bone Health
- 46. HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy and Lipoatrophy
- 47. Dyslipidemia
- 48. Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
- 49. US Health Care Systems, HIV Programs, and Coverage Policy Issues
- 50. Legal Issues<sup>a</sup>
- 51. Research Design and Analysis
- 52. Ethical Conduct of Clinical Trials, Institutional Review Boards, Informed Consent, and Financial Conflicts of Interest
- Index
(p. 297) Antiretroviral Therapy in Children and Newborns
- Chapter:
- (p. 297) Antiretroviral Therapy in Children and Newborns
- Author(s):
Karin Nielsen-Saines
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0027
HIV-infected infants and children have a different, more progressive disease course compared to that of adults given that early infection leads to sustained, high-magnitude viremia with significant seeding of reservoirs in the first months of life. Early diagnosis of HIV infection is pivotal in the management of infants and prevention of HIV-associated morbidity and mortality. The availability of potent pediatric antiretroviral formulations encompassing different classes of drugs for infected infants and young children is limited. Significant advancements have been achieved in the area of infant post-exposure prophylaxis. Early antiretroviral treatment is still the mainstay of pediatric HIV infection, particularly for infants younger than age 12 months, but it is also highly recommended for older children. Early treatment of young infants diagnosed soon after birth appears to be the best approach to reduce the seeding of viral reservoirs and potentially attain prolonged periods of HIV remission off antiretrovirals.
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- Target Audience
- Overall Learning Objectives
- Faculty
- Physician Continuing Medical Education
- Pharmacist Continuing Education
- Nursing Continuing Education
- Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest
- Disclosure of Unlabeled Use
- 1. Epidemiology and the Spread of HIV
- 2. The Origin, Evolution, and Epidemiology of HIV-1 and HIV-2
- 3. Mechanisms of HIV Transmission
- 4. HIV Transmission Prevention
- 5. Immunology
- 6. HIV Cure Strategies<sup>a</sup>
- 7. HIV Testing and Counseling
- 8. Laboratory Testing Strategies
- 9. The Medical History and Physical Examination of the HIV-Infected Patient
- 10. Initial Laboratory Evaluation and Risk Stratification of the HIV-Infected Patient
- 11. Clinical Syndromes and Differential Diagnosis in the HIV-Infected Patient
- 12. Health Maintenance
- 13. Issues in Specific Patient Populations
- 14. Complementary and Alternative Medicine/Integrative Medicine Approaches
- 15. Care Coordination
- 16. Palliative Care and End-of-Life Support
- 17. HIV Virology
- 18. Principles of Applied Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Antiretroviral Therapy
- 19. Classes of Antiretrovirals
- 20. Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy
- 21. HIV-1 Resistance to Antiretroviral Drugs
- 22. Managing the Patient with Multidrug-Resistant HIV
- 23. Future Antiretrovirals, Immune-Based Strategies, and Therapeutic Vaccines
- 24. The Pharmacist’s Role in Caring for HIV-Positive Individuals
- 25. Solid Organ Transplantation in HIV-Infected Individuals
- 26. Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnant Women
- 27. Antiretroviral Therapy in Children and Newborns
- 28. Immunosuppressants and Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Positive Transplant Patients
- 29. Understanding and Managing Antineoplastic and Antiretroviral Therapy
- 30. Substance Abuse in HIV Populations
- 31. Understanding the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs in the Aging Patient
- 32. Opportunistic Infections
- 33. Malignant Diseases in HIV
- 34. Dermatologic Complications
- 35. Endocrine Disorders
- 36. Non-opportunistic Infections
- 37. Psychiatric Illness and Treatment in HIV Populations
- 38. HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
- 39. HIV/Hepatitis Co-infection
- 40. Ocular Complications
- 41. Cardiovascular Disease
- 42. Renal Complications
- 43. Musculoskeletal Complications of HIV
- 44. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- 45. HIV and Bone Health
- 46. HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy and Lipoatrophy
- 47. Dyslipidemia
- 48. Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
- 49. US Health Care Systems, HIV Programs, and Coverage Policy Issues
- 50. Legal Issues<sup>a</sup>
- 51. Research Design and Analysis
- 52. Ethical Conduct of Clinical Trials, Institutional Review Boards, Informed Consent, and Financial Conflicts of Interest
- Index