Definition 446

Growth failure and malnutrition 446

Hepatic encephalopathy 448

Coagulopathy 449

Portal hypertension and variceal bleeding 450

Ascites 450

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 451

Hepatorenal syndrome 451

Pulmonary complications 452

Pruritus 454

Hepatic osteodystrophy 454

Endocrine dysfunction 455

Hepatocellular carcinoma 455

The complications of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are a consequence of the impaired metabolic and synthetic function and structural alteration of the parenchyma leading to elevated portal pressure (...