Clinical Medicine

Addiction Medicine is a concise and practical guide for students and practitioners of medicine, nursing, and other health professions. It provides practical information and clinical management advice for all who are involved in the care of persons with alcohol and other substance use disorders, and also behavioural and electronic addictions such as gambling and Internet use. The second edition of Addiction Medicine comprises 27 chapters and is in easy-to-read handbook form. The first three chapters cover the nature of addictive disorders, the epidemiology of psychoactive substance use, and the pharmacology of the major substance groups. Principles of diagnosis and management (including emergency situations) are then described. There follow chapters on the major substance groups, which present a comprehensive account of the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of disorders related to specific substances. The chapters cover tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, opioids, sedative-hypnotics, psychostimulants, hallucinogens and dissociative drugs, miscellaneous forms of substance use, and polydrug and injecting drug use. New chapters in the second edition cover the electronic and behavioural addictions, with specific chapters for gambling and on-line/electronic gaming. The remainder of the book covers the management of addictive disorders experienced by specific groups and in specific circumstances and settings, together with a summary of ethical and legal issues. The final chapter comprises a series of resources which cover diagnostic criteria for addictive disorders and practical tools to aid management, including screening and assessment questionnaires and withdrawal scales.Less

While many effective interventions have been developed with the potential to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality from cancer, they are of no benefit to the health of populations if they cannot be delivered. In response to this challenge, Advancing the Science of Implementation across the Cancer Continuum provides an overview of research that can improve the delivery of evidence-based interventions in cancer prevention, early detection, treatment, and survivorship. Chapters explore the field of implementation science and its application to practice, a broad synthesis of relevant research and case studies illustrating each cancer-focused topic area, and emerging issues at the intersection of research and practice in cancer. Both comprehensive and accessible, this book is an ideal resource for researchers, clinical and public health practitioners, medical and public health students, and health policymakers.Less

Providing clinicians with the latest developments in research, this new edition of Alzheimer's Disease is a succinct and practical introduction to the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of Alzheimer’s disease. Part of the Oxford Neuropsychiatry Library series, this pocketbook contains 14 fully updated chapters on key topics such as pathophysiology, epidemiology, pharmacological treatments, and psychological symptoms. It also features new chapters on atypical presentations, end-of-life issues, and case vignettes to ensure the reader is fully equipped with the latest understanding of the possible causes of the disease, methods of diagnosis, and management techniques. A powerful tool for the practising clinician, this edition is an indispensable guide to the latest thinking about management of the disease.Less

Assessment and Staging of Care for Dementia: The IDEAL schedule and its user manual gives a detailed overview of the International Schedule for the Integrated Assessment and Staging of Care for Dementia (IDEAL schedule) and provides all information that is needed when learning how to use the schedule and when using it. This includes details on the aims of the schedule; a description of how the schedule was developed and tested; instructions on how to use the schedule; the IDEAL schedule itself; the glossary of terms used in the schedule; and suggestions about the interventions that are recommended for consideration at different stages of severity of dementia. The book also includes four case histories, which are recommended for use when training in the use of the schedule.Less

Autism is an emerging area of basic and clinical research, and has only recently been recognized as a major topic in biomedical research, and is now an intense growth area in behavioral and educational treatments. This resource provides a comprehensive summary of all current knowledge related to the behavioral, experiential, and biomedical features of the autism spectrum disorders, including major behavioral and cognitive syndromology, common co-morbid conditions, neuropathology, neuroimmunology, and other neurological correlates such as seizures, allergy and immunology, gastroenterology, infectious disease, and epidemiology.Less

Cancer caregivers are an essential extension of the healthcare team. Rapid advances in cancer care, including new drugs and immunotherapies and more sophisticated diagnostic tools, have improved our ability to extend lives and enhance survival. As patients are living longer and with today’s shorter hospital stays and shift towards increased outpatient care, however, the burden on caregivers and their needs have substantially increased. Cancer Caregivers reveals the depth of complexities of caregiving experiences that the field of Psycho-Oncology has been exploring and the vast expanses we have left to understand. This text describes the characteristics and experiences of cancer caregivers based on their life stage, relationship to the patient, and ethnic group membership, as well as patients’ disease and treatment type. It highlights the significant progress in research focused on the development and dissemination of psychosocial interventions for cancer caregivers, and includes in-depth case studies to illustrate their delivery and application. The text also explores the provision of support to caregivers in the community and the legal and ethical concerns faced by caregivers across the care trajectory. Cancer Caregivers offers both fundamental and practical information and is a resource for all healthcare professionals who work with patients and families facing cancer.Less

The Casebook of Clinical Geropsychology describes current best practice in managing complex cases involving common mental health issues in later life in the field of psychology concerned with the psychological, behavioral, biological, and social aspects of aging.Less

In the years following publication of the DSM-5, the field of psychiatry has seen vigorous debate between the DSM’s more traditional, diagnosis-oriented approach and the NIMH’s more biological, dimension-based RDoC approach. Charney & Nestler’s Neurobiology of Mental Illness is an authoritative foundation for translating information from the laboratory to clinical treatment, and this edition extends beyond its reference function to acknowledge and examine the controversies and thoughts on the future of psychiatric diagnosis. In this wider context, this book provides information from numerous levels of analysis including molecular biology and genetics, cellular physiology, neuroanatomy, neuropharmacology, epidemiology, and behavior. Section I, which reviews the methods used to examine the biological basis of mental illness in animal and cell models and in humans, has been expanded to reflect important technical advances in complex genetics, epigenetics, stem cell biology, optogenetics, neural circuit functioning, cognitive neuroscience, and brain imaging. These established and emerging methodologies offer groundbreaking advances in our ability to study the brain and breakthroughs in our therapeutic toolkit. Sections II through VII cover the neurobiology and genetics of major psychiatric disorders: psychoses, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, dementias, and disorders of childhood onset. Also covered within these sections is a summary of current therapeutic approaches for these illnesses as well as the ways in which research advances are now guiding the search for new treatments. The last section, Section VIII, focuses on diagnostic schemes for mental illness. This includes an overview of the unique challenges that remain in diagnosing these disorders given our still limited knowledge of disease etiology and pathophysiology. The section then provides reviews of DSM-5 and RDoC. Also included are chapters on future efforts toward precision and computational psychiatry, which promise to someday align diagnosis with underlying biological abnormalities.Less

This book is intended to target a broad audience of clinicians, clinical researchers, students in geriatrics and gerontology fields, and family caregivers of older adults interested in complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine. It provides an update on recent research in integrative medicine used for the treatment and prevention of mental, cognitive, and physical disorders of aging. The content of this book will increase clinicians’ familiarity with recent research findings in the field of integrative medicine, and will broaden their understanding of the use of these interventions in clinical practice. The discussion of the data is provided in textbook format, covering different fields of integrative medicine and written by an international group of opinion leaders and researchers in their respective areas of expertise; thus this work can be used for training by students of integrative medicine and gerontology. Individual chapters can be used as references on a particular topic for interested individuals and can be obtained online. Clinicians and researchers who are dedicated to the treatment and study of older adults might consider this volume an essential part of their library.Less

Psychiatric factors play a significant role in the ongoing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic. In less than four decades, advances in HIV medical care and research have transformed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) from a rapidly fatal illness of unknown cause into a chronic, manageable illness. Vast strides have been made in clinical care and pathogenesis research in the fields of HIV prevention and psychiatric care, including pre- (PreP) and and post-exposure (PEP) prophylaxis. Although AIDS is an entirely preventable infectious illness, HIV transmission continues throughout the world. Transmission of HIV continues to be fueled by many factors, including stigma of HIV and mental illness as well as discrimination, criminalization, and risky behaviors. A comprehensive biopsychosocial approach to sexual health and mental health and diminution of stigma are key to both HIV prevention and HIV care. Integration of psychiatric care into HIV prevention and treatment entails use of a biopsychosocial approach that maintains a view of each individual with HIV as a member of a family, community, and society who deserves to be treated with dignity and compassion. This textbook provides an update on HIV medicine and psychiatry; introduces the concept of HIV/AIDS as “the great magnifier of maladies”; explores the paradoxes and disparities of HIV care; explains how HIV psychiatry is a paradigm for the psychiatric care of the medically ill (psychosomatic medicine); and sets the stage for an understanding of how integrated care can prevent transmission of HIV and reduce morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV.Less

Type 2 diabetes is predicted to affect between 10% and 25% of the world population in the next 20 years. Depression is a common comorbid condition in those affected with type 2 diabetes, and the combination of these conditions is associated with a poorer prognosis, including earlier mortality. Genetic and epigenetic predisposition and overlap of risk factors related to our modern lifestyle seem to drive the shared biology of diabetes and depression. This book aims to provide an understanding of the sequelae of events leading to the frequent comorbidity of diabetes and depression. This book project has been supported by the transCampus of Kings College London and Technical University of Dresden. Chapter by chapter, internationally recognized clinicians and scientists have summarized the state of the art and outstanding controversies of the epidemiology, mechanisms, and treatment of the depression–type 2 diabetes comorbidity. This book is relevant for all health professionals including the general practitioner and specialist clinicians in internal medicine, endocrinology, diabetes and metabolic diseases, neurology, psychiatry, and psychology as well as students interested in this topic.Less

Depression affects between 10-15% of older people, making it the most frequently encountered mental health condition in later life. Despite this, the condition is easily missed in clinical practice or not adequately treated. Part of the Oxford Psychiatry Library, this second edition of Depression in Later Life highlights areas of depression which are of special relevance to later life, how to diagnose depression in an older person, the overlap with dementia and various other physical illnesses, and important pharmacological and psychological considerations. All chapters have been updated with new data where relevant, and case vignettes are included to ensure this resource is relatable and easy to understand.Less

The new edition of this resource summarizes essential information on all the major drugs currently used in clinical psychiatric practice via a discussion on drugs in psychiatry, the principles of psychopharmacology, and the foundation of the sound, scientifically based use of drugs in psychiatry.Less

Geriatric Psycho-Oncology is a comprehensive guide that provides best practice models for the management of psychological, cognitive, and social outcomes of older adults living with cancer and their families. Chapters cover a wide range of topics including screening tools and interventions, psychiatric emergencies and disorders, physical symptom management, communication issues, and issues specific to common cancer sites. A resource section is appended to provide information on national services and programs. This title features contributions from experts designed to help clinicians review, anticipate and respond to emotional issues that often arise in the context of treating older cancer patients. Numerous cross-references and succinct tables and figures make this concise reference easy to use.Less

This resource contains a comprehensive review of the current research advances in late life mood disorders. This detailed review reflects the new understanding of neurobiology and psychosocial origins of geriatric mood disorders in the first decade of the 21st Century and is provided by the international group of leading experts in the field.Less

The importance of spiritual well-being and the role of "meaning" in moderating depression, hopelessness and desire for death in terminally-ill cancer and AIDS patients has been well-supported by research, and has led many palliative clinicians to focus on the development of non-pharmacologic interventions that can help their patients address these issues. Individual Meaning-Centered Group Psychotherapy (IMCP), an intervention developed and rigorously tested by the Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, is a seven-week program based around the work of Viktor Frankl, and which utilizes a mixture of didactics, discussion and experiential exercises that focus around particular themes related to meaning and advanced cancer. Patients are assigned readings and homework that are specific to each session's theme and which are utilized in each session. While the focus of each session is on issues of meaning and purpose in life in the face of advanced cancer and a limited prognosis, elements of support and expression of emotion are inevitable in the context of each group session. Less

There is an evolution taking place regarding the nature and scope of the clinical goals of psychotherapeutic or counseling interventions in the palliative care setting. Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy in the Cancer Setting provides a theoretical context for meaning-centered psychotherapy (MCP), a nonpharmacologic intervention that has been shown to enhance meaning and spiritual well-being, increase hope, improve quality of life, and significantly decrease depression, anxiety, desire for hastened death, and symptom burden distress in the cancer setting. Based on the work of Viktor Frankl and his concept of logotherapy, MCP is an innovative intervention for clinicians practicing in fields of psycho-oncology, palliative care, bereavement, and cancer survivorship. This resource contains chapters on adapting MCP for different cancer-related populations and for different purposes and clinical problems, including interventions for cancer survivors, caregivers of cancer patients, adolescents and young adults with cancer, as a bereavement intervention, and cultural and linguistic applications in languages such as Mandarin, Spanish, and Hebrew.Less

This book outlines the principles of neural science that mediate personality and describes what is currently known about how these biological processes are impaired in individuals with personality disorders. What sets this book apart from others is that it focuses particularly on the neurobiology of disturbed personality. Personality disorders have a high prevalence, and these disorders cause a substantial amount of human suffering and harm, not only to the individuals and families directly affected but also to the population at large. Second, these disorders are known to have a heritability rate that is generally in excess of 50%, strongly suggesting that the behavioral disturbances caused by personality disorders have a significant biomedical etiology. However, with the exception of borderline personality disorder, little is known about the biological nature of personality and personality disorders and the effective treatment of the latter. The principles of the basic biological nature medical disorders have served well as the foundation in other disciplines in medicine and psychiatry but have received relatively little attention in the areas of personality, temperament, and personality disorders.Less

Neuroimaging and Neurophysiology in Psychiatry examines the use of brain imaging and non-invasive electrophysiology in psychiatric research and clinical practice. It introduces the physical and physiological principles of neuroimaging (with a focus on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)), electrophysiology, and non-invasive brain stimulation. It explains the main clinical indications for brain imaging and electroencephalography (EEG) in psychiatry on the basis of current clinical guidelines. It also reviews the contribution of neuroimaging and neurophysiology to the quest for biomarkers that facilitate the diagnosis and prognosis of mental disorders and elucidate their pathophysiological mechanisms. This includes a review of the recent advances in the field of genetic imaging and a discussion of the ethics of predictive biomarkers in psychiatry. The book also explains the uses of neuroimaging in the monitoring and development of treatment programmes in psychiatry, including recent advances in deep brain stimulation and neurofeedback. It is written for practising psychiatrists and researchers and postgraduate students in biological psychiatry.Less

This new book volume, simply titled Neurotrauma, aims to bring together the latest clinical practice and research in the field of two forms of trauma to the central nervous system: namely, traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI). Nationally, more 1.9 million Americans sustain a TBI annually. In parallel, there are an estimated 12,000 new cases of SCI in the United States annually. In addition, approximately 1.2 million people live with paralysis due to SCI. In recent years, dramatic advancements in the field have resulted in much improved outcomes for patients and higher standards of care. This volume brings together the latest research and clinical practice in the treatment of neurotrauma in a comprehensive but easy-to-follow format. Our target readership is intentionally broad. It includes clinicians who are involved in caring for TBI in the emergency room, hospital, or neurointensive care unit or during patient rehabilitation; clinical research professionals; research nurses; and nonclinical academic researchers, such as research professors, research scientists, medical students, graduate students, and nurse specialists, as well as biomedical industry R&D scientists and clinical associates. As editor of this volume, I want all readers to find a chapter or section on almost all aspects related to TBI or SCI. I also hope that they will encounter some areas they might be already familiar with. Yet, at the same time, I hope that they will also discover or rediscover other less familiar areas in neurotrauma that they have always wanted to learn more about. Last, I want to make this volume as layman-like and as easy to follow as possible so that it can also serve as a resource book for TBI or SCI patients or caregivers who want to better educate themselves about these conditions.Less