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Echocardiography uses ultrasound waves to generate images of cardiovascular structures and to display information regarding the blood flow through these structures. Knowledge of basic ultrasound principles and current technology is essential for image interpretation and for optimal use of equipment during image acquisition and post-processing. This fully updated second edition of the official textbook of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) serves the educational requirements of cardiologists and all clinical medical professionals, underpinning the structural training in accordance with the EACVI goals and reflecting the core European syllabus throughout.Less

Diagnostic radiology is a medical specialty that is primarily devoted to the diagnostic process, centered on the interpretation of medical images. This book reviews the high level of uncertainty inherent to radiological interpretation and the overlap that exists between the uncertainty of the process and what might be considered “error.” There is also a great deal of variability inherent in the physical and technological aspects of the imaging process itself. The information in diagnostic images is subtly encoded, with a broad range of “normal” that usually overlaps the even broader range of “abnormal.” Image interpretation thus blends technology, medical science, and human intuition. To develop their skillset, radiologists train intensively for years, and most develop a remarkable level of expertise. But radiology itself remains a fallible human endeavor, one involving complex neurophysiological and cognitive processes employed under a range of conditions and generally performed under time pressure. This book highlights the human experience of error. A taxonomy of error is presented, along with a theoretical classification of error types based on the underlying causes and an extensive discussion of potential error-reduction strategies. The relevant perceptual science, cognitive science, and imaging science are reviewed. A chapter addresses the issue of accountability for error, including peer review, regulatory oversight/accreditation, and malpractice litigation. The potential impact of artificial intelligence, including the use of machine learning and deep-learning algorithms, to reduce human error and improve radiologists’ efficiency is also explored.Less

This volume meets the needs of radiology residents to become adept at interpreting musculoskeletal (MSK) imaging studies. It does so by presenting core knowledge and fundamentals that must be learned to accurately and effectively interpret MSK studies by the trainee and non-specialist. The goal is to impart to residents, as well as to refresh for practitioners, essential facts in a concise and readable format so the reader becomes conversant with all imaging modalities used and the essentials of interpretation and technique. Other resources are at too high a level for the resident in training or contain far more information than a resident can easily assimilate during a rotation. The book is part of the Rotations in Radiology series for residents, which defines and encapsulates core knowledge for areas within Radiology, offering a guided, structured approach to imaging diagnosis. It contains sections on 10 key topics in MSK radiology: trauma; arthritis; tumors and tumor-like conditions; metabolic, hematopoietic, endocrine, and deposition diseases; infectious diseases; arthrography; internal derangements of the joints; congenital diseases; and ultrasound. Each section begins with an overview chapter, orienting the reader to the specific concerns and issues related to imaging that anatomic region or category of problem. Each clinical problem or diagnosis is concisely covered to provide a targeted discussion and highlight salient points. For each topic, concise chunks of text will review: definition; clinical features; anatomy and physiology; how to appraoch the image; what not to miss; differential diagnosis; common variants if pertinent; clinical issues; key points; high yield references.Less

This volume meets the needs of radiology residents to become adept at interpreting musculoskeletal (MSK) imaging studies. It does so by presenting core knowledge and fundamentals that must be learned to accurately and effectively interpret MSK studies by the trainee and non-specialist. The goal is to impart to residents, as well as to refresh for practitioners, essential facts in a concise and readable format so the reader becomes conversant with all imaging modalities used and the essentials of interpretation and technique. Other resources are at too high a level for the resident in training or contain far more information than a resident can easily assimilate during a rotation. The book is part of the Rotations in Radiology series for residents, which defines and encapsulates core knowledge for areas within Radiology, offering a guided, structured approach to imaging diagnosis. It contains sections on 10 key topics in MSK radiology: trauma; arthritis; tumors and tumor-like conditions; metabolic, hematopoietic, endocrine, and deposition diseases; infectious diseases; arthrography; internal derangements of the joints; congenital diseases; and ultrasound. Each section begins with an overview chapter, orienting the reader to the specific concerns and issues related to imaging that anatomic region or category of problem. Each clinical problem or diagnosis is concisely covered to provide a targeted discussion and highlight salient points. For each topic, concise chunks of text will review: definition; clinical features; anatomy and physiology; how to appraoch the image; what not to miss; differential diagnosis; common variants if pertinent; clinical issues; key points; high yield references.Less