Theories, history, and current taxonomy
• Pain is a complex experience of somatic mechanisms and psychological influences (affective and cognitive) and, as such, is always subjective in nature
• The nervous system is capable of substantial plasticity; it can change structure and function in response to development, injury, or experience
• Nociceptive or inflammatory pain arises from normal activation of pain pathways
• Neuropathic pain is pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system (abnormal activation of pain pathways)
• Pain is usually classified by mechanism (nociceptive or neuropathic), context (physiological or pathological), and location (somatic, visceral, etc.).
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