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Oxford Handbook of Urology$
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John Reynard, Simon Brewster, Suzanne Biers

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Stone disease

Chapter:
Stone disease
Author(s):

John Reynard,

Simon Brewster,

Suzanne Biers

DOI:
10.1093/med/9780199534944.003.0009
Kidney stones: epidemiology - Kidney stones: types and predisposing factors - Kidney stones: mechanisms of formation - Factors predisposing to specific stone types - Evaluation of the stone former - Kidney stones: presentation and diagnosis - Kidney stone treatment options: watchful waiting - Stone fragmentation techniques: extracorporeal lithotripsy (ESWL) - Intracorporeal techniques of stone fragmentation (fragmentation within the body) - Kidney stone treatment: flexible ureteroscopy and laser treatment - Kidney stone treatment: percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) - Kidney stones: open stone surgery - Kidney stones: medical therapy (dissolution therapy) - Ureteric stones: presentation - Ureteric stones: diagnostic radiological imaging - Ureteric stones: acute management - Ureteric stones: indications for intervention to relieve obstruction and/or remove the stone - Ureteric stone treatment - Treatment options for ureteric stones - Prevention of calcium oxalate stone formation - Bladder stones - Management of ureteric stones in pregnancy

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