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Emergencies in Clinical Radiology

Edited by Richard Graham, Ferdia Gallagher

Publisher:
Oxford University Press
Print Publication Date:
Jan 2009
Print ISBN-13:
9780199238439
Published to Oxford Medicine:
Aug 2010
DOI:
10.1093/med/9780199238439.001.0001

Disclaimer

Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up to date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work. Except where otherwise stated, drug dosages and recommendations are for the non-pregnant adult who is not breastfeeding.

Abbreviations

  • ↑

    increases

  • ↓

    decreases

  • +C

    plus contrast medium

  • +Gd

    plus gadolinium chelate (MRI contrast medium)

  • A&E

    accident and emergency department

  • AAST

    American Association for the Surgery of Trauma

  • ABLS

    adult basic life support

  • ACA

    Anterior Cerebral Artery

  • ACS

    acute coronary syndrome

  • ADC

    apparent diffusion coefficient

  • AED

    automated external defibrillator

  • ALI

    acute lung injury

  • ALS

    advanced life support

  • AP

    anteroposterior

  • APC

    activated protein C

  • APH

    ante-partum haemorrhage

  • ATLS

    Advanced Trauma Life Support

  • AV

    arteriovenous

  • AVM

    arteriovenous malformation

  • AXR

    abdominal radiograph

  • BA

    basilar artery

  • BLS

    basic life support

  • BM

    blood glucose (Boehringer Mannheim test)

  • BMT

    bone marrow transplant

  • BPM

    beats per minute

  • BTS

    British Thoracic Society

  • CBD

    common bile duct

  • CCA

    common carotid artery

  • CECT

    contrast-enhanced CT

  • CK-MB

    MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase

  • CMV

    cytomegalovirus

  • CNS

    central nervous system

  • CPR

    cardiopulmonary resuscitation

  • CSF

    cerebrospinal fluid

  • C-spine

    cervical spine

  • CT

    computed tomography

  • CTA

    computed tomographic angiography

  • CTPA

    CT pulmonary angiography

  • CTV

    CT venography

  • CVC

    central venous catheter

  • CXR

    chest radiograph

  • DM

    diabetes mellitus

  • DOB

    Date of Birth

  • DUS

    Doppler ultrasound

  • DWI

    diffusion weighted imaging (on MRI)

  • EAMs

    external auditory meati

  • ECG

    electrocardiogram

  • EDH

    extradural haematoma

  • ERCP

    endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

  • ETT

    endotracheal tube

  • EVAR

    endovascular aneurysm repair

  • FAST

    focused assessment with sonography in trauma

  • FB

    foreign body

  • FBC

    full blood count

  • FLAIR

    fluid-attenuated inversion recovery

  • Fr

    French catheter scale (outer diameter in mm × 3)

  • FS

    fat-suppressed imaging (on MRI)

  • G

    gauge of needle

  • GA

    general anaesthetic

  • GCS

    Glasgow Coma Score

  • GFR

    glomerular filtration rate

  • GI

    gastrointestinal

  • GU

    genitourinary

  • Hb

    Haemoglobin

  • HDU

    high-dependency unit

  • HF

    heart failure

  • HIV

    human immunodeficiency virus

  • HRCT

    high-resolution computed tomography

  • HRT

    Hormone Replacement Therapy

  • HSV

    herpes simplex virus

  • HU

    Hounsfield units

  • ICA

    internal carotid artery

  • ICP

    intracranial pressure

  • IJV

    internal jugular vein

  • IM

    intramuscular

  • INR

    international normalized ratio

  • IRMER

    Ionizing radiation (medical exposures regulation)

  • ITU

    intensive therapy unit

  • IV

    intravenous

  • IVC

    inferior vena cava

  • IVU

    intravenous urography

  • LBO

    large bowel obstruction

  • LFTs

    liver function tests

  • LMWH

    low molecular weight heparin

  • LP

    lumbar puncture

  • LV

    left ventricle

  • MAC

    mycobacterium avium complex

  • MCA

    middle cerebral artery

  • MCUG

    micturating cystourethrogram

  • MDCT

    multidetector CT (e.g. 64-slice CT)

  • MDT

    multidisciplinary team (meeting)

  • MI

    myocardial infarction

  • MIP

    maximum intensity projection images

  • MPR(s)

    multiplanar reformatted image(s)

  • MR(I)

    magnetic resonance (imaging)

  • MRA

    magnetic resonance angiography

  • MRCP

    magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

  • MRSA

    methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

  • MRV

    magnetic resonance venogram

  • NAI

    non-accidental injury

  • NEC

    necrotizing enterocolitis

  • NECT

    non-enhanced CT (i.e. without contrast medium)

  • NG(T)

    nasogastric (tube)

  • NICE

    National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence

  • NOE

    naso-orbitoethmoid

  • NPV

    negative predictive value

  • NSAIDs

    non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

  • NSTEMI

    non-ST elevation myocardial infarction

  • OCP

    oral contraceptive pill

  • OM

    occipitomental

  • PA

    posteroanterior

  • PACS

    picture archiving and communication system

  • PC

    phase contrast (imaging)

  • PCA

    posterior cerebral artery

  • PCI

    percutaneous coronary intervention

  • PCP

    pneumocystis pneumonia

  • PE

    pulmonary embolism

  • PEA

    pulseless electrical activity

  • PET

    positron emission tomography

  • PICC(s)

    peripherally inserted central catheter(s)

  • PIOPEDII

    Prospective investigation of pulmonary embolism diagnosis II

  • PO

    per os (by mouth)

  • PPH

    post-partum haemorrhage

  • PPV

    positive predictive value

  • PR

    per rectum

  • PUL

    pregnancy of unknown location

  • PV

    per vaginam (by the vagina)

  • RCR

    Royal College of Radiologists

  • RSV

    respiratory synsyctial virus

  • RTA

    road traffic accident

  • rtPA

    recombinant tissue plasminogen activator

  • SAH

    subarachnoid haemorrhage

  • SBO

    small bowel obstruction

  • SDH

    subdural haemorrhage

  • SI

    signal intensity

  • SLE

    systemic lupus erythematosus

  • SMA

    superior mesenteric artery

  • SMV

    superior mesenteric vein

  • SOL

    space-occupying lesion

  • STEMI

    ST elevation myocardial infarction

  • STIR

    short tau inversion recovery imaging (on MRI)

  • SUFE

    slipped upper femoral epiphysis

  • SVC

    superior vena cava

  • SXR

    skull radiograph

  • T1

    T1-weighted imaging (on MRI)

  • T2

    T2-weighted imaging (on MRI)

  • TA

    transabdominal

  • TAUS

    transabdominal US

  • TB

    tuberculosis

  • TCC

    transitional cell carcinoma

  • TED

    thromboembolic deterrent

  • TIA

    transient ischaemic attack

  • TOE

    transoesophageal echocardiography

  • TOF

    time-of-flight imaging (on MRI)

  • TPN

    total parenteral nutrition

  • TV

    transvaginal

  • TVUS

    transvaginal ultrasound

  • U&E

    urea and electrolytes

  • UAC

    umbilical arterial catheter

  • US

    ultrasound

  • UTI

    urinary tract infection

  • UVC

    umbilical venous catheter

  • V/Q

    ventilation–perfusion scan

  • VF

    ventricular fibrillation

  • VRT

    volume rendered technique

  • VSD

    ventricular septal defect

  • VT

    ventricular tachycardia

  • VUJ

    vesico-ureteric junction

  • WL

    window level of the displayed image

  • WSCM

    water-soluble contrast medium

  • WW

    window width of the displayed image

  • ZMC

    zygomaticomaxillary complex