Contents
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6 Genes, Biology, Mental Health, and Human Rights: The Effects of Traumatic Stress as a Case Example
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Introduction—sex, gender Introduction—sex, gender
-
Gender identity disorder Gender identity disorder
-
Homosexuality and mental disorder Homosexuality and mental disorder
-
Gender dysphoria and the right to treatment Gender dysphoria and the right to treatment
-
Policing gender and sex—the mental health professional Policing gender and sex—the mental health professional
-
Supporting diversity and human rights Supporting diversity and human rights
-
References References
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
28 Sex and Gender: Biology, Culture, and the Expression of Gender
Get access-
Published:June 2012
Cite
Abstract
Louise Newman explores how psychiatry through classifications and treatments has regarded essentialist, fixed, conformist understandings of gender roles and heteronormative sexual preference as intrinsic to mental health: sexual minorities are therefore deemed to require treatment. Thus biology determines psychology and social gender roles, rather than culture and meaning having a role in shaping gender identity and sexual orientation. The chapter especially tracks psychiatry, the ‘natural gender’ account, and ‘Gender Identity Disorder’. While diverse non- Western cultures accept sex roles and fluid gender identity, Western culture tolerates sexual ambiguity less well. Where sex reassignment (only to the opposite sex) surgery is available, the applicant’s mental health and competency is assessed and the professional regulates treatment access. Individuals with gender dysphoria and their loved ones suffer considerable psychosocial and mental health consequences. Pressures to conform and treat intensely affect families, schools, and society, reassignment treatments are scarce, (mental) health professionals often are anxious and have negative attitudes, and services remain non-specific and culturally unaware. Persecution remains widespread internationally. Yet gender expression and sexuality are fundamental in international rights conventions. Newman promotes social reform encompassing increasing tolerance of gender diversity, culturally competent health services, and inclusive medicine that facilitates understanding and insight for self-determination.
Sign in
Get help with accessPersonal account
- Sign in with email/username & password
- Get email alerts
- Save searches
- Purchase content
- Activate your purchase/trial code
Institutional access
- Sign in through your institution
- Sign in with a library card Sign in with username/password Recommend to your librarian
Institutional account management
Sign in as administratorPurchase
Our books are available by subscription or purchase to libraries and institutions.
Purchasing informationMonth: | Total Views: |
---|---|
October 2022 | 3 |
December 2022 | 3 |
January 2023 | 2 |
February 2023 | 5 |
March 2023 | 5 |
April 2023 | 1 |
May 2023 | 1 |
June 2023 | 2 |
July 2023 | 2 |
August 2023 | 2 |
September 2023 | 2 |
October 2023 | 2 |
November 2023 | 2 |
December 2023 | 2 |
January 2024 | 1 |
February 2024 | 1 |
March 2024 | 1 |
Get help with access
Institutional access
Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways:
IP based access
Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.
Sign in through your institution
Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Shibboleth/Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic.
If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institution’s website, please contact your librarian or administrator.
Sign in with a library card
Enter your library card number to sign in. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian.
Society Members
Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways:
Sign in through society site
Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. If you see ‘Sign in through society site’ in the sign in pane within a journal:
If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society.
Sign in using a personal account
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. See below.
Personal account
A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions.
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members.
Viewing your signed in accounts
Click the account icon in the top right to:
Signed in but can't access content
Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian.
Institutional account management
For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more.