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Oxford Textbook of Medicine (5 ed.)

Edited by David A. Warrell, Timothy M. Cox, John D. Firth

Online access to the Oxford Textbook of Medicine in low and middle income countries is available through the World Health Organization-led HINARI Access to Research in Health programme. 

Latest update

The November 2012 update sees updates to over 70 chapters, focusing on Neurology and Gastroenterology. This update also incorporates a selection of 29 Case Histories taken from related titles in the Oxford Case Histories series, linked to from related chapters. Each case includes several questions followed by detailed answers and discussion to enhance diagnostic and clinical understanding.

Neurology updates include substantial updates to key chapters and new material on a wide range of topics including spinal cord injury, autonomic nervous system disorders, and inherited neurodegenerative diseases. 

Gastroenterology updates include extensive revisions of key chapters on liver failure and acute pancreatitis and new material on a wide range of matters, ranging from the common to the rare: including surgical treatments for colonic diverticular disease, antibody tests for immune disorders, and a revised treatment algorithm for small bowel bacterial overgrowth.

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Publisher:
Oxford University Press
Print Publication Date:
May 2010
Print ISBN-13:
9780199204854
Published to Oxford Medicine:
May 2012
DOI:
10.1093/med/9780199204854.001.1

Disclaimer

Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up to date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work. Except where otherwise stated, drug dosages and recommendations are for the non-pregnant adult who is not breastfeeding.

Contents

S

S100, reference values [link]
Sabethes spp. [link]
Saboya virus [link]
sabre tibia [link]
Saccharomonospora viridis [link]
saccharopinuria [link], [link]
Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula [link], [link]
sacral agenesis [link]
sacroilliitis, brucella [link]
sage, drug intractions [link]
Sal Vieja virus [link]
salazopyrine
adverse effects, hepatotoxicity [link]
Still’s disease [link]
salbutamol
anaphylaxis [link]
COPD [link]
hyperkalaemia [link]
salicylates
adverse effects, hepatotoxicity [link]
metabolism [link]
poisoning [link], [link], [link]
clinical features [link], [link]
pathophysiology [link]
rheumatic fever [link]
serum levels [link]
uses [link]
salicylic acid [link]
saline diuresis, hypercalcaemia [link]
salivary calculus [link]
salivary glands
diseases of [link]
salivary duct obstruction [link]
sialadenitis [link]
xerostomia [link], [link]
Salla’s disease [link], [link], [link]
salmeterol, COPD [link]
Salmonella enteritidis [link]
Salmonella spp. [link], [link], [link]
clinical features [link]
epidemiology [link]
immunosuppressed patients [link]
laboratory diagnosis [link]
osteomyelitis [link]
pathogenesis [link]
prevention [link]
treatment [link]
Salmonella typhi, renal toxicity [link]
salmonellosis [link]
Salmonid virus [link]
salsalate, and asthma [link]
salt restriction
ascites and cirrhosis [link]
heart failure [link]
hypertension [link]
salt, and blood pressure [link], [link]
saltwater aspiration syndrome [link]
Samter’s triad [link]
San Perlita virus [link]
sanctity of life [link]
sandflies, bartonellosis [link]
sandfly fever [link], [link]
Sandhoff’s disease [link]
Sanfilippo’s disease [link]
sanitizers, poisoning by [link]
Sanjad-Sakati syndrome [link], [link]
SaO2, acute respiratory failure [link]
SAPHO syndrome [link], [link], [link], [link]
saposin B deficiency [link]
saposin C deficiency [link], [link]
saquinavir
HIV/AIDS [link], [link]
mode of action [link]
toxicity [link]
sarafotoxins [link]
Sarcocystis spp. [link]
sarcocystosis [link], [link]
clinical features [link]
diagnosis [link], [link]
prevention [link]
treatment [link]
sarcoid nephropathy [link]
clinical features [link]
diagnosis and treatment [link]
sarcoid neuropathy [link]
sarcoid, cardiac involvement [link], [link]
sarcoidosis [link], [link]
aetiology [link]
areas of uncertainty [link]
cardiac [link]
clinical features [link], [link], [link]
hepatic involvement [link], [link]
hypercalcaemia [link]
lupus pernio [link]
multiorgan involvement [link]
ocular [link]
complications [link]
differential diagnosis [link]
epidemiology [link], [link]
future developments [link]
hormonal abnormalities [link]
hypercalcaemia [link]
investigations [link], [link]
imaging [link]
lung function tests [link]
serum ACE levels [link]
management [link]
pathogenesis [link]
pathology [link]
prevalence [link]
prognosis [link]
renal involvement [link]
treatment [link], [link]
corticosteroids [link]
strategy [link]
sarcoma [link]
cardiac [link]
in Paget’s disease [link], [link]
Sarcophaga spp. [link]
Sarcophagidae [link]
sarcoplasmic reticulum [link]
calcium channels [link]
coupling of plasma membrane to [link], [link]
sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum ATPase type 2 see SERCA2
SARS-like coronaviruses [link]
saruplase, pulmonary embolism [link]
Saumarez Reef virus [link]
saw palmetto [link]
scabbard trachea [link]
scabies [link], [link]
immunocompromised patients [link]
treatment [link]
scalded skin syndrome [link], [link]
scalp
allergic contact dermatitis [link]
eczema [link]
fungal disease [link]
irritant dermatitis [link]
psoriasis [link], [link]
seborrhoeic dermatitis [link]
Scardovia spp. [link]
Scarites sulcatus [link]
scarlet fever [link]
Schatzki ring [link], [link]
Scheie syndrome [link]
cardiac involvement [link]
Scheuermann’s disease [link]
Schilder’s disease [link]
Schilling test [link], [link]
Schindler’s disease [link], [link]
Schisotosoma mansoni [link]
schistocytes [link]
Schistosoma haematobium [link], [link], [link]
Schistosoma intercalatum [link]
Schistosoma japonicum [link], [link]
Schistosoma mansoni, renal toxicity [link]
Schistosoma mekongi [link]
schistosomal nephropathy [link], [link]
schistosomiasis [link], [link]
clinical features [link], [link]
cercarial dermatitis/swimmer’s itch [link]
hepatic granuloma [link]
intestinal schistosomiasis [link], [link]
nervous system involvement [link]
pulmonary manifestations [link], [link]
renal disease [link], [link]
stage of maturation [link], [link]
urinary schistosomiasis [link], [link], [link]
diagnosis [link]
diagnosis and investigations [link]
direct parasitological methods [link]
immunodiagnosis [link]
indirect methods [link]
ultrasonography [link]
geographical distribution [link]
haematological changes [link]
parasite life cycle [link], [link]
pathophysiology/pathogenesis [link]
pregnancy [link]
prevention and control [link], [link]
prognosis [link], [link]
renal involvement [link]
transmission and epidemiology [link], [link]
treatment [link], [link]
schizencephaly [link], [link]
schizophrenia [link]
aetiology [link]
clinical features [link]
differential diagnosis [link]
management [link], [link]
prognosis [link]
Schmidt’s syndrome [link]
Schober test [link]
Schwachman-Diamond syndrome [link]
schwannomin [link]
Sciates sulcatus [link]
sciatic nerve neuropathy [link]
sciatica [link]
management [link]
science in medicine [link]
scimitar syndrome [link], [link]
scintigraphy
adrenal [link]
pulmonary arterial hypertension [link]
rheumatic disorders [link], [link]
scleroderma renal crisis [link]
scleroderma [link], [link], [link], [link]
clinical features [link], [link]
bacterial overgrowth [link]
en coup de sabre [link]
generalized morphoea [link]
linear [link]
plaque morphoea [link]
skin lesions [link]
differential diagnosis [link]
epidemiology [link]
genetics [link]
localized [link], [link]
pathogenesis [link]
pregnancy [link]
effect of disease on pregnancy [link]
effect of pregnancy on disease [link]
management [link]
solvent-induced [link]
sclerosing cholangitis, primary [link], [link]
aetiology [link]
cellular immune abnormalities [link]
exposure to bacterial components [link]
humoral immune abnormalities [link]
immunogenetic factors [link]
clinical features [link]
diagnosis [link], [link], [link]
disease associations [link], [link]
natural history and prognosis [link]
pathological features [link], [link]
small duct [link]
treatment [link]
sclerosteosis [link], [link]
scoliosis [link], [link]
causes [link]
hypercapnia [link]
investigations [link]
Marfan’s syndrome [link]
pathophysiology [link]
prognosis [link]
sleep apnoea [link]
symptoms and physical signs [link]
treatment [link], [link]
Scolopendra spp. (Thai centipede) [link]
scombrotoxins [link]
scopolamine, poisoning [link]
Scopulariopsis brevicaulis [link]
scorpion bites [link]
scorpion stings [link], [link]
clinical features [link]
epidemiology [link]
prevention [link]
treatment [link]
screening [link], [link]
acceptability [link]
adults [link]
cancers [link]
antenatal [link], [link], [link]
breast cancer [link], [link], [link], [link]
children [link]
coeliac disease [link]
contraindications [link]
coronary heart disease [link], [link]
criteria for [link]
cystic fibrosis [link]
definition [link]
diabetes mellitus [link], [link]
diabetic retinopathy [link], [link], [link]
facilities [link]
financial considerations [link]
gestational diabetes [link], [link]
HIV/AIDS [link]
hypothyroidism [link], [link]
inborn errors of metabolism [link]
incidentalomas [link]
indications [link]
lung cancer [link]
malnutrition [link], [link]
multiple endocrine neoplasia [link], [link]
neonatal [link], [link]
non-malignant diseases [link], [link]
performance [link]
prostate cancer [link], [link]
proteinuria [link], [link]
renal disease [link]
drug-induced [link]
employment/insurance [link]
families [link]
population and risk group [link]
secondary care [link]
requirements [link], [link], [link]
disorder [link]
natural history [link]
prevalence/incidence [link]
remedy [link]
screening test [link]
risk factors [link]
STIs [link]
tautological [link], [link]
terminology [link]
test performance [link], [link]
detection rate [link], [link]
detection rate cannot be determined [link]
false-positive rate [link], [link]
odds of being affected if result positive [link], [link]
Wilson’s disease [link]
scrofuloderma [link]
scrub typhus [link]
aetiology and epidemiology [link], [link], [link]
clinical features [link], [link]
diagnosis [link]
pathology/pathogenesis [link]
prevention and control [link]
treatment [link]
scurvy [link], [link]
Scytalidium dimidiatum [link]
Scytalidium hyalinum [link]
scytalidium infections [link]
sea snakes [link]
sea urchin envenoming [link], [link]
Seadornaviruses [link]
seafoods, in pregnancy [link]
seal finger [link]
sebaceous adenoma [link]
sebaceous gland disorders see acne
sebaceous hyperplasia [link]
seborrhoeic dermatitis, scalp [link]
seborrhoeic eczema [link]
seborrhoeic keratosis [link], [link], [link]
second messengers [link]
secondary prevention [link]
secretin [link]
inhibition [link]
Securidacea longepedunculata (violet tree), nephrotoxicity [link]
sedation
colonoscopy [link]
critical illness [link]
hazards of [link], [link]
sedatives, reproductive effects [link]
sedimentation rate [link]
SeHCAT test [link]
seizures
acute porphyria [link]
folinic acid-responsive [link], [link]
pyridoxine-dependent [link]
see also epilepsy
selective IgA deficiency [link]
aetiology [link]
clinical features [link]
gastrointestinal [link], [link]
definition [link]
management [link]
selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)
breast cancer
prevention [link]
treatment [link]
hyperparathyroidism [link]
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [link]
vertigo [link]
selegiline
drug interactions [link]
poisoning [link]
Selemonas spp. [link]
selenium [link], [link]
clinical applications [link]
deficiency syndromes [link]
dietary reference values [link]
optimal intake [link]
reference values [link]
sepsis and critical care [link]
toxicity [link]
selenocysteine [link]
Selenomonas spp. [link]
self-harm [link]
suicide notes [link]
Semacarpum anacardium (marking nut) [link]
nephrotoxicity [link]
SEN virus [link]
senile squalor (Diogenes) syndrome [link]
senna [link]
sensory input [link]
sensory neuronopathy [link], [link]
Seoul virus [link]
Sepik virus [link]
sepsis syndromes [link]
sepsis [link]
acute renal trauma [link]
child mortality [link]
clinical features, jaundice [link]
post-liver transplantation [link]
prevention of complications [link]
puerperal [link]
treatment [link]
antibiotics [link]
drotrecogin alfa [link]
goal-directed resuscitation [link]
mechanical ventilation [link]
recombinant human activated protein C [link]
source control [link]
see also infections
Septata intestinalis [link]
septic arthritis [link], [link], [link]
septic bursitis [link], [link]
septic shock
meningitis [link], [link]
presentation [link]
see also sepsis
septic vasculitis [link]
septicaemia [link]
H. influenzae [link]
meningococcal see meningococcal septicaemia
pneumococcal [link]
septo-optic dysplasia [link]
SERCA2, [link], [link]
serine deficiency, differential diagnosis [link]
serine proteases, COPD [link]
serine proteinases [link]
serine/threonine kinase [link]
seronegative arthritides, neurological complications [link]
seronegative arthropathies
cardiac involvement [link], [link]
oesophageal symptoms [link]
serositis, and rheumatoid arthritis [link]
serotonin antagonists, Raynaud’s phenomenon [link]
serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
drug interactions [link], [link]
poisoning [link]
serotonin reuptake inhibitors [link], [link]
adverse effects [link]
indications and use [link]
SERPINA1, alleles of [link]
serpinopathies [link]
Serratia spp. [link]
antibiotic sensitivity [link]
sertraline
adverse effects [link]
poisoning [link]
serum amyloid A protein [link], [link]
acute pancreatitis [link]
serum-ascites albumin gradient [link], [link]
Sever’s disease [link]
severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) [link], [link], [link], [link]
blood lymphocyte profile [link]
clinical features [link]
diagnosis [link]
gene therapy [link]
immunological and molecular classification [link]
lymphocyte phenotyping [link]
MHC class I deficiency [link]
treatment and prognosis [link]
sex determination [link]
sex headache [link]
sex hormone binding globulin [link]
sex hormones, and cancer [link], [link]
sex-hormone binding protein, reference values [link]
sexual activity, in heart failure [link]
sexual arousal disorders [link]
sexual assaults [link]
sexual aversion disorders [link]
sexual behaviour [link]
age at first heterosexual intercourse [link]
heterosexual partners [link]
homosexual lifestyles [link]
risk reduction strategies [link]
sexual desire disorders [link]
sexual development disorders [link]
assessment [link]
causes [link]
classification of [link], [link]
examination [link]
investigations [link], [link]
management [link]
sex chromosomes [link]
46,XX [link]
46,XY [link]
sexual differentiation [link]
fetal sex development [link], [link]
sexual dysfunction [link]
female [link], [link], [link]
orgasmic disorders [link]
sexual arousal disorders [link]
sexual aversion disorders [link]
sexual desire disorders [link]
sexual pain disorders [link]
male [link]
drug-induced [link]
erectile dysfunction [link], [link], [link]
penile deformity/Peyronie’s disease [link]
priapism [link], [link]
rapid (premature) ejaculation [link]
sexual health promotion [link]
sexual history [link], [link]
sexual orientation [link], [link]
sexual pain disorders [link], [link]
sexually transmitted infections
and contraception [link]
developed countries [link]
developing countries [link]
epidemiology [link]
examination [link]
chaperones [link]
extragenital symptoms [link]
incidence [link], [link]
interactions with HIV [link], [link]
presenting symptoms [link]
prevention
primary [link]
secondary [link]
risk factors [link]
screening [link]
sexual behaviour [link]
sexual history [link]
transmission of [link]
travellers [link]
vaginal discharge [link]
see also individual conditions
Sezary syndrome [link]
shale oils [link]
Shaver’s disease [link]
shawl sign [link]
shear stress [link]
Sheehan’s syndrome
pregnancy [link]
snake bite [link]
sheep bile, renal toxicity [link]
shellfish allergy [link]
shellfish poisoning
amnesic [link]
paralytic [link]
Shewanella spp. [link]
Shigella dysenteriae [link]
renal toxicity [link]
Shigella flexneri [link]
Shigella spp. [link]
Shigella [link], [link]
clinical features [link]
control [link]
epidemiology [link]
laboratory diagnosis [link]
pathogenesis [link]
treatment [link]
shock
anaphylactic
presentation [link]
see also anaphylaxis
cardiogenic [link], [link]
distributive [link], [link]
hypovolaemic [link], [link]
obstructive [link], [link]
pathophysiology [link], [link]
snake bite [link]
Shokwe virus [link]
Shone’s syndrome [link]
short intestine, congenital [link]
short QT syndrome [link]
short stature see growth disorders
short Synacthen test [link], [link]
short-bowel syndrome [link]
shoulder
rheumatoid arthritis [link]
Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome [link]
shrews, envenoming [link]
shrinking lung syndrome [link]
Shulman’s syndrome [link]
Shuni virus [link]
shunt nephritis [link]
shunts
anatomical [link]
ascites [link]
peritoneovenous [link]
transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic (TIPS) [link]
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome [link]
Shy-Drager syndrome [link], [link], [link]
gut peptides [link]
SIADH [link]
sialadenitis [link]
sialic acid storage disorders [link]
sialidosis [link], [link]
type 1 [link]
sialoproteins [link], [link]
sibutramine [link]
in renal failure [link]
Sicilian virus [link], [link]
sick building syndrome [link]
sick sinus syndrome [link], [link], [link], [link]
sickle cell crisis [link]
sickle cell disease [link], [link]
antenatal screening [link]
hepatic involvement [link]
jaundice [link]
pregnancy [link]
renal involvement [link]
clinical syndromes [link]
medullary [link]
reproductive effects [link]
sickle cells [link]
sickle retinopathy [link]
sickling haemoglobinopathies [link], [link], [link]
clinical features [link]
complications [link], [link]
chronic [link], [link]
control and management [link]
course and prognosis [link]
distribution [link]
laboratory diagnosis [link], [link]
pathogenesis [link], [link]
sideroblastic anaemia [link]
acquired idiopathic [link], [link]
hereditary [link], [link]
sideroblasts, ringed [link]
siderocytes [link]
siderosis [link]
CNS [link]
sigmoidoscopy
flexible [link]
ulcerative colitis [link], [link]
see also colonoscopy
signal transduction [link], [link]
and autoimmunity [link]
cell surface receptors [link]
genetic defects [link]
growth factor receptors [link]
integration [link]
ion channel activation [link]
nuclear receptors [link]
robustness [link]
sensitivity [link]
spatial resolution [link]
T-cell receptors [link], [link]
temporal resolution [link]
signalling pathways [link]
G-protein coupled-receptors [link], [link]
Hedgehog [link]
Notch [link], [link]
Toll-like receptors [link], [link]
transforming growth factor β superfamily [link]
tyrosine kinase-dependent [link]
sildenafil [link], [link]
drug interactions [link]
pulmonary arterial hypertension [link]
silent mutations [link]
silhouette sign [link]
silica, carcinogenesis [link]
silicon [link], [link]
silicosis [link], [link]
aetiology and pathology [link], [link]
clinical features [link], [link]
prevention and management [link]
silver, reference values [link]
Simkania spp. [link]
Simulidae (blackflies) [link]
Simulium spp. [link]
simvastatin [link]
Sin Nombre virus [link]
Sindbis virus [link], [link]
Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disease [link]
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) [link], [link]
single photon emission computed tomography see SPECT
sinoatrial disease see sick sinus syndrome
sinoatrial node [link], [link], [link], [link]
sinus arrest [link]
sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy [link]
clinical features [link]
management [link]
sinus of Valsalva, aneurysm [link]
sinus tachycardia [link]
sinus venosus [link]
sinusitis [link], [link]
Siphunculina funicola (oriental eye fly) [link]
Siphunculina funicola [link]
Sipple’s syndrome [link], [link]
sirolimus [link]
post-transplantation [link]
transplantation [link], [link], [link]
sitagliptin [link]
Sitophilus spp. [link]
situs inversus, atrial [link]
situs solitus, atrial [link]
sixth disease [link]
Sjögren’s syndrome [link], [link], [link]
aetiology and pathology [link]
clinical features [link]
systemic [link], [link]
diagnosis [link], [link]
future developments [link]
hepatic involvement [link]
historical perspective [link]
neurological complications [link]
oesophageal symptoms [link]
prevalence [link]
prognosis [link]
pulmonary involvement [link], [link]
renal involvement [link]
treatment [link]
Sjögren-Larsson syndrome [link], [link], [link]
skeletal disorders see bone disease; musculoskeletal disorders
skeletal dysplasias [link], [link], [link]
clinical features [link]
mutations in [link]
see also individual conditions
skeletal growth [link]
skeletal hyperphosphatasia, expansile [link]
skeletal muscle see muscle
skin biopsy [link]
polymyositis/dermatomyositis [link]
skin cancer [link]
aetiology, HPV [link]
incidence [link]
melanoma see melanoma
skin disorders
adverse drug reactions [link]
amoebiasis [link]
distribution [link], [link]
eczema see eczema
examination [link]
history taking [link], [link]
infections [link]
bacterial [link]
ectoparasites [link]
fungal [link]
tuberculosis [link], [link]
viral [link]
see also individual infections
inherited [link]
ectodermal dysplasias [link]
epidermolysis bullosa [link], [link]
ichthyoses [link]
keratodermas [link]
investigations [link]
biopsy [link]
immunofluorescence tests [link]
skin scrapings [link]
Woods light examination [link]
lesion shape and grouping [link], [link]
management [link]
antiandrogens [link]
antifungal agents [link], [link]
antimalarial agents [link]
antimicrobials [link]
antipruritics [link]
antiseptics [link]
antivirals [link]
biological treatments [link]
complementary medicines [link]
compliance and adherence [link]
corticosteroids [link], [link]
cryotherapy [link]
immunosuppressants and cytotoxics [link]
keratolytics [link]
moisturizers [link], [link]
photodynamic therapy [link]
phototherapy [link]
preparations see dermatological vehicles
sunscreens [link], [link]
tars [link]
morphology [link], [link], [link]
occupational [link]
contact dermatitis [link]
employees’ and employers’ attitudes to [link]
nondermatitic dermatoses [link]
protection against [link]
onchocerciasis [link], [link]
papulosquamous disease [link]
photosensitivity [link]
pigmentation [link]
pregnancy [link]
atopic eczema [link]
autoimmune dermatoses [link]
cutaneous infections [link]
hair changes [link]
pigmentary changes and lesions [link], [link]
pilosebaceous changes [link]
pregnancy dermatoses [link], [link]
psoriasis [link]
striae gravidarum [link]
vascular changes and lesions [link], [link]
site of [link], [link]
skin failure [link]
symmetry [link]
systemic diseases [link]
see also relevant diseases
terminology [link]
vesiculobullous disease [link]
see also individual disorders
skin lesions
leprosy [link]
poisoned patients [link]
skin prick tests [link], [link], [link]
skin protection [link]
skin tags [link]
skin tumours [link]
benign [link]
melanocytic [link]
nonmelanocytic [link]
malignant [link]
melanocytic [link]
nonmelanocytic [link]
metastases [link], [link]
premalignant lesions [link]
Bowen’s disease [link]
solar keratosis [link]
see also individual tumours
skin [link], [link]
commensal flora [link]
cystic fibrosis [link]
dermis
failure of [link]
structure [link]
effects of malnutrition [link]
epidermis
failure of [link]
structure [link], [link], [link]
failure of [link]
functions of [link], [link]
infections, anaerobic [link]
origin of [link]
pigmentation [link]
in pregnancy [link], [link]
renewal [link]
in respiratory disease [link]
structure [link]
regional variations [link], [link]
skullcap [link]
Slackia spp. [link]
slapped cheek disease [link]
sleep apnoea
central [link], [link], [link]
obstructive see obstructive sleep apnoea
reflex [link]
REM [link]
sleep disorders [link], [link]
assessment [link], [link]
hypersomnia [link], [link]
insomnia [link], [link]
narcolepsy see narcolepsy
parasomnias [link], [link]
sleep paralysis [link]
sleep studies, COPD [link]
sleep
at high altitude [link]
blood pressure during [link], [link]
breathing during [link], [link]
disorders of [link]
obstructive sleep apnoea [link]
periodic leg movements [link]
sudden unexplained death during [link]
slim disease [link]
slow loris, envenoming [link]
slow-channel syndrome [link]
Sly’s disease [link]
small airways disease [link], [link]
small intestine
absorption [link]
salt and water [link]
anatomy [link], [link]
atresia/stenosis [link]
duodenal obstruction [link]
jejunoileal obstruction [link], [link]
bacterial flora [link], [link]
drugs metabolized by [link]
bacterial overgrowth [link], [link]
associated clinical conditions [link], [link]
clinical features [link], [link]
diagnosis [link], [link]
endogenous factors preventing [link]
management [link], [link]
mechanisms [link]
cancers [link]
common variable immunodeficiency [link]
endoscopy [link]
function of [link]
ischaemia [link]
lesions of [link], [link]
lymphangiectasia [link]
malrotation [link]
pathology [link]
see also individual conditions
radiology [link]
resection [link]
aetiology and prevention [link], [link]
bacterial overgrowth [link]
future directions [link]
management [link]
metabolic consequences [link]
pathophysiology [link]
physiology [link]
tumours of [link]
adenocarcinoma [link], [link]
carcinoid [link]
lymphoma [link], [link]
smallpox [link], [link]
clinical features [link]
eradication of [link]
mortality [link]
Smithies, Oliver [link]
Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome [link]
Smith-Magenis syndrome [link], [link]
smoke inhalation [link]
smoker’s keratosis [link]
smoking cessation, COPD [link], [link]
smoking
and blood pressure [link]
and cancer [link], [link]
bladder cancer [link]
lung cancer [link], [link], [link]
and COPD [link], [link]
and coronary heart disease [link]
diabetic patients [link]
and heart failure [link]
mortality rate from smoking-related diseases [link]
passive [link], [link]
and peptic ulcer disease [link]
in pregnancy [link]
smooth muscle, tumours [link]
smouldering multiple myeloma [link]
snake bites [link], [link], [link], [link]
biting apparatus [link]
classification of snakes [link]
Atractaspididae [link], [link]
Colubridae [link], [link]
Elapidae [link], [link]
Viperidae [link], [link]
clinical features [link], [link], [link]
Atractaspididae [link]
Colubridae [link]
Elapidae [link], [link]
European vipers [link]
sea snakes and kraits [link]
Viperidae [link], [link]
distribution [link]
epidemiology [link]
immunization [link]
immunodiagnosis [link]
incidence/importance [link], [link]
interval between bite and death [link]
laboratory investigations [link]
management [link]
antivenom [link]
first aid [link], [link]
haemostatic defects [link]
hospital treatment [link]
hypotension and shock [link]
intracompartmental syndrome and fasciotomy [link]
local envenoming [link]
local infection [link]
neurotoxic envenoming [link]
oliguria and renal failure [link]
pressure-immobilization [link], [link]
supportive treatment [link]
venom ophthalmia [link]
pathophysiology [link], [link]
prevention of bites [link]
snake venom
properties [link]
pharmacology [link]
polypeptide toxins [link]
renal toxicity [link], [link]
Sneathia spp. [link]
sneezing [link]
snowshoe hare virus [link], [link]
sodium benzoate [link]
sodium bicarbonate
drug interactions [link]
hyperkalaemia [link]
metabolic acidosis [link]
sodium calcium edetate [link]
sodium channels [link]
sodium cromoglicate
allergic rhinitis [link]
asthma [link]
food allergy [link]
sodium fusidate [link]
bacteraemia [link]
endocarditis [link]
infective endocarditis [link]
sodium homeostasis disorders [link]
hypernatraemia [link], [link]
hyponatraemia [link], [link]
sodium nitrite [link]
sodium nitroprusside [link]
hypertensive emergencies [link]
sodium oxybate, narcolepsy [link]
sodium phenylacetate [link]
sodium potassium citrate, calcium stone prevention [link]
sodium stibogluconate, leishmaniasis [link], [link]
sodium tetradecyl sulphate, peptic ulcer disease [link]
sodium thiosulphate [link]
sodium urate nephropathy, chronic [link]
sodium valproate [link]
adverse effects [link]
hepatotoxicity [link], [link]
in breast milk [link], [link]
diabetic neuropathy [link]
dose levels [link]
drug interactions [link]
epilepsy [link]
indications and use [link]
migraine prevention [link]
poisoning [link]
serum levels [link]
teratogenicity [link], [link], [link], [link]
vertigo [link]
sodium
dietary reference values [link]
fractional excretion [link]
reference intake [link]
reference values [link], [link]
children [link]
renal reabsorption [link]
urinary [link]
acute renal trauma [link]
prerenal failure [link]
sodoku [link], [link]
sodum oxybate
cataplexy [link]
narcolepsy [link]
sleep disturbance [link]
soft tissue, infections, anaerobic [link]
Sokoluk virus [link]
sokosha [link]
solar keratosis [link]
solar lentigo [link]
solar urticaria [link], [link]
Soldado virus [link]
Solenodon (Apotogale) cubanus [link]
Solenodon paradoxus [link]
solenodons, envenoming [link]
Solenopsis spp. (American fire ants) [link]
solid organs, stem cell generation [link]
solute diuresis [link]
solvent drag [link]
solvents [link]
somatic cell nuclear transfer [link]
somatosensory cortex [link]
somatosensory-evoked potentials [link], [link]
somatostatin analogues [link]
somatostatin [link], [link], [link]
inhibitory actions [link]
reference values [link]
somatostatinoma [link]
treatment [link]
somatotrophs [link]
soots [link]
sorafenib [link], [link]
hepatocellular carcinoma [link]
sotalol [link]
Sotos syndrome [link], [link]
South American haemorrhagic fever [link]
clinical features [link], [link]
diagnosis/differential diagnosis [link]
epidemiology [link]
treatment [link]
South-East Asian ovalocytosis [link]
Southern elephant seal virus [link]
Spaniopsis spp. [link]
Spanish fly [link]
sparfloxacin [link]
sparganosis [link], [link], [link]
spatial neglect [link]
specific granule deficiency [link]
SPECT
ECG-gated [link], [link]
epilepsy [link]
spectinomycin, gonorrhoea [link]
spectrin [link], [link]
Spelotrema brevicaeca [link]
sperm autoimmunity [link]
spermatogenesis [link]
spermicides [link]
spherocytosis [link]
hereditary [link], [link]
aetiology and pathogenesis [link]
classification [link]
clinical features [link], [link]
complications [link]
diagnosis [link], [link]
differential diagnosis [link], [link]
inheritance [link]
treatment [link]
sphincter of Oddi [link], [link]
dyskinesia [link], [link]
Sphingobacterium spiritivorum [link]
Sphingobacterium spp. [link]
sphingolipidoses [link], [link]
sphingolipids [link]
Sphingomonas spp. [link]
sphingomyelin [link]
spider bites [link], [link], [link]
epidemiology [link]
facies latrodectismica [link], [link]
necrotic araneism [link], [link], [link]
neurotoxic araneism [link], [link]
treatment [link]
spider naevi [link]
cirrhosis [link], [link]
pregnancy [link]
Spielmeyer-Sjögren Batten disease [link]
spina bifida occulta [link]
spina bifida [link]
antenatal screening [link]
spinal accessory nerve disorders [link]
spinal cord compression [link], [link]
spinal cord diseases [link], [link]
aetiology and pathogenesis [link], [link]
clinical features [link], [link]
clinical investigation [link]
diagnostic criteria [link]
differential diagnosis [link]
treatment and prognosis [link]
spinal cord injuries [link], [link], [link]
epidemiology [link]
functional outcome [link]
long-term issues [link]
discharge home [link]
driving [link]
emotional problems [link]
employment [link]
fertility [link]
leisure pursuits [link]
medical problems [link]
sexual life [link]
magnetic brain stimulation [link]
management [link], [link]
spinal cord injury centre [link]
steroids [link]
surgical vs conservative [link]
presentation [link]
problems in [link], [link]
autonomic dysreflexia [link]
bladder disorders [link]
bowel care [link]
deep venous thrombosis [link]
heterotopic ossification [link]
pain and dysaesthesia [link]
pressure sores [link]
respiratory [link]
spasticity and contractures [link]
rehabilitation [link], [link]
reproductive effects [link]
spinal disorders [link]
ankylosing spondylitis see ankylosing spondylitis
kyphosis [link]
osteoarthritis [link]
scoliosis [link], [link]
straight-back syndrome [link]
spinal fusion [link]
spinal manipulation [link], [link]
spinal muscular atrophy [link]
proximal of childhood [link]
adult-onset form [link]
intermediate form [link]
Kugelberg-Welander disease [link]
Werdnig-Hoffmann disease [link]
spindle checkpoint genes [link]
spiramycin, toxoplasmosis [link]
Spirillum minus [link], [link], [link], [link]
Spirillum spp. [link]
spiritual healing [link]
Spirobolus (giant Papua New Guinea millipede) [link]
Spirocerca lupi [link]
spirometry [link]
airways obstruction [link], [link]
spironolactone
adverse effects
gynaecomastia [link]
hepatotoxicity [link]
ascites [link]
heart failure [link]
polycystic ovary syndrome [link]
reproductive effects [link]
skin disorders [link]
spleen [link]
abcess [link]
blood flow [link]
cysts [link]
functions [link], [link], [link]
blood pool [link]
cell sequestration, phagocytosis and pooling [link]
haemopoiesis [link]
immune function [link]
plasma volume [link]
history [link]
injury [link]
in malaria [link], [link]
relapsing fever [link]
structure [link], [link]
tumours [link]
splenectomy
clinical complications [link]
indications [link], [link]
splenic hypoplasia/atrophy [link]
splenic infarction [link]
splenomegaly [link], [link], [link]
causes [link], [link]
Gaucher’s disease [link]
infective endocarditis [link]
investigation [link]
nontropical idiopathic [link]
storage disease [link]
tropical splenomegaly syndrome [link]
splinter haemorrhage, infective endocarditis [link]
Spondweni virus [link]
spondylitis, brucellar [link], [link]
spondyloarthritides [link]
clinical features [link]
definitions [link]
diagnosis [link]
differential diagnosis [link], [link]
epidemiology [link], [link]
HLA-B27 association [link]
pathogenesis [link], [link]
prevalence [link]
prognosis [link]
see also individual conditions
spondyloarthritis, undifferentiated [link], [link]
clinical features [link]
definition [link]
diagnosis [link]
epidemiology [link]
prognosis [link]
treatment [link]
spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita [link]
spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (X-linked) [link], [link]
mutations in [link]
spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias [link], [link]
spondylolisthesis, Marfan’s syndrome [link]
spondylolysis [link]
Sporobolomyces spp. [link]
Sporothrix schenckii [link]
osteomyelitis [link]
sporotrichosis [link], [link]
aetiology [link]
clinical features [link], [link]
epidemiology [link]
systemic [link]
treatment [link]
sports medicine [link]
drugs and ergogenic aids [link]
female athlete triad [link], [link]
fitness to exercise [link]
medical complications [link]
overtraining syndrome [link]
overuse injuries [link], [link]
sprue
hypogammaglobulinaemic [link]
tropical [link], [link]
sputum [link]
clearance [link]
lung cancer [link]
squamous cell carcinoma antigen, reference values [link]
squamous cell carcinoma [link], [link]
oesophagus [link], [link]
ST elevation myocardial infarction see STEMI
St John’s wort [link]
drug intractions [link]
St Louis encephalitis virus [link], [link], [link]
ST segment [link]
staircase phenomenon [link]
stanazolol, vibration injury [link]
stannosis [link], [link]
stanozolol, adverse effects, hepatotoxicity [link]
Staphyloccus epidermidis [link]
staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome [link]
staphylococci [link]
antimicrobial resistance [link]
clinical features [link]
coagulase-negative [link]
epidemiology [link]
microbiology [link]
molecular genetics [link]
pathogenesis [link]
prevention [link]
regulation and virulence determinants [link]
Staphylococcus aureus [link], [link], [link], [link]
antibiotic sensitivity [link]
CA-MRSA [link]
clinical features [link]
clinical syndromes [link]
bacteraemia [link], [link]
endocarditis [link], [link]
epidural abscess [link], [link]
food-borne illness [link]
furuncles and carbuncles [link], [link]
impetigo, folliculitis and cellulitis [link], [link]
mastitis [link]
osteomyelitis [link], [link]
pneumonia [link], [link], [link]
pyomyositis [link], [link]
scalded skin syndrome [link], [link]
septic arthritis [link], [link]
septic bursitis [link], [link]
toxic shock syndrome [link], [link]
urinary tract infections [link], [link]
colonization [link]
cystic fibrosis [link]
epidemiology [link]
health care-associated MRSA [link]
HIV-associated infection [link]
infective endocarditis [link], [link]
methicillin-resistant see MRSA
osteomyelitis [link]
pneumonia [link], [link]
community-acquired [link]
prevention [link]
risk factors [link]
secular trends and morbidity [link]
treatment [link], [link]
vancomycin-resistant see VRSA
Staphylococcus epidermidis [link]
Staphylococcus lugdunensis [link]
Staphylococcus saprophyticus [link], [link]
Staphylococcus spp. [link]
infective endocarditis [link]
osteomyelitis [link]
staphylokinase, pulmonary embolism [link]
starfish envenoming [link], [link]
Stargardt disease, genetics [link]
startle disease (hyperekplexia) [link], [link]
starvation ketoacidosis [link]
static magnetic fields [link]
statins [link], [link]
adverse effects
hepatotoxicity [link]
renal toxicity [link]
contraindication in porphyria [link]
drug interactions [link], [link]
heart failure [link]
limb ischaemia [link]
NNT [link]
osteonecrosis [link]
in renal failure [link]
stroke prevention [link]
status epilepticus [link]
acute porphyria [link]
presentation [link]
stavudine
HIV/AIDS [link]
mode of action [link]
steakhouse syndrome [link]
steatocystoma multiplex [link]
steatohepatitis, nonalcoholic [link], [link], [link]
clinical presentation [link]
epidemiology [link]
investigation [link]
management [link]
liver transplantation [link]
natural history [link]
steatorrhoea [link]
steatosis, drug-induced [link], [link]
Steel factor [link]
Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome [link], [link]
Stellantchasmus amplicaecus [link]
stem cells [link], [link], [link]
barriers to progress [link]
and cancer [link], [link]
as cellular immunomodulators [link]
as cellular vehicles [link]
disease modelling and drug discovery [link], [link]
embryonic see embryonic stem cells
endogenous repair [link]
expansion of numbers [link]
cardiac tissue [link]
donor cell developmental stage [link]
nervous tissue [link]
pancreatic tissue [link]
function of [link], [link]
history [link], [link]
identification of source [link]
pluripotent [link], [link], [link]
progenitors [link], [link]
solid organ transplantation [link]
sources [link]
target conditions [link], [link]
therapeutic applications [link], [link], [link]
validation of functional recovery [link]
overcoming immune rejection [link]
reproducibility and scale [link]
route/location of delivery [link]
survival, engraftment and connectivity [link]
STEMI [link], [link], [link]
complications [link]
arrhythmias [link]
cardiogenic shock [link]
failure of reperfusion [link]
left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure [link]
left ventricular thrombus [link]
pericarditis [link]
ventricular septal defect, papillary muscle rupture and myocardial rupture [link]
continuing management [link], [link], [link]
coronary artery bypass surgery [link]
percutaneous coronary intervention [link]
thrombolytic treatment [link]
coronary bypass [link]
diagnostic problems
late presentation [link]
left bundle branch block [link]
noninfarct causes of ST segment elevation [link]
pre-excitation [link]
‘stuttering’ infarction [link]
T wave inversion [link], [link]
differential diagnosis [link]
ECG [link]
old infarction [link], [link]
outcome [link]
pharmacological interventions [link], [link]
antiarrhythmics [link]
anticoagulants [link]
calcium antagonists [link]
hormone replacement therapy [link]
prehospital care [link], [link]
presentation [link], [link]
secondary prevention [link]
triage and management [link], [link], [link]
Stenotrophomonas spp. [link]
stents [link], [link]
drug-eluting [link]
metal [link], [link]
thrombosis [link]
stercoral ulcers [link]
stereoisomerism [link]
sterile pyuria [link]
sterilization (contraceptive) [link]
heart disease patients [link]
sternum
disorders of [link]
congenital abnormalities [link]
see also individual disorders
steroids, NNT [link]
Stevens, Leroy [link]
Stevens-Johnson syndrome [link], [link], [link]
Stewart-Treves syndrome [link]
Stickler’s syndrome [link]
mutations in [link]
Stictodora fuscata [link]
Stictodora lari [link]
stiff person syndrome [link], [link], [link]
Still’s disease
adult [link], [link]
IL-6 in [link]
stings [link]
ants [link]
beetle [link], [link]
butterfly [link]
caterpillar [link]
hymenoptera [link], [link], [link], [link]
renal toxicity [link]
scorpion [link], [link]
Stokes-Adams attacks [link], [link]
stomach cancer [link], [link]
clinical features [link]
diagnosis [link]
incidence [link], [link]
migrants vs residents [link], [link]
management [link], [link]
mortality [link]
pathology [link]
predisposing factors [link], [link]
stomach
anatomy [link]
bacterial flora [link]
common variable immunodeficiency [link]
function of [link]
stomatitis
herpetic [link]
measles-related [link], [link]
stomatocytosis [link], [link]
hereditary [link]
Stomolophus nomurai (Chinese jellyfish) [link]
Stomoxys calcitrans [link], [link]
stop codons [link]
strabismus, phenytoin poisoning [link]
Strachan’s syndrome [link]
straight-back syndrome [link]
Stratford virus [link]
streptobacillary rat-bite fever [link]
aetiology [link]
clinical features [link]
Streptobacillus moniliformis [link], [link]
Streptobacillus spp. [link]
streptococci [link]
classification [link]
group C [link]
group G [link]
pyogenic [link]
infective endocarditis [link]
viridans, infective endocarditis [link]
Streptococcus adjacens [link]
Streptococcus agalactiae [link], [link]
carriage [link]
infections caused by [link]
in adults [link]
neonatal infection [link]
puerperal infection [link]
laboratory diagnosis [link]
pathogenicity, virulence and typing [link]
prevention [link]
puerperal sepsis [link]
treatment [link]
Streptococcus anginosus [link]
Streptococcus bovis [link]
infective endocarditis [link], [link]
Streptococcus constellatus [link]
Streptococcus defectivus [link]
Streptococcus faecalis [link]
Streptococcus faecium [link]
Streptococcus intermedius [link]
Streptococcus milleri [link]
Streptococcus mitis [link]
Streptococcus morbillorum, infective endocarditis [link]
Streptococcus mutans [link], [link]
Streptococcus pneumoniae [link], [link]
antibiotic sensitivity [link]
community-acquired pneumonia [link]
HIV-associated infection [link]
infective endocarditis [link]
osteomyelitis [link]
pneumonia [link], [link]
treatment [link]
Streptococcus pyogenes [link], [link]
antibiotic sensitivity [link]
carriage [link]
infections caused by [link]
bacteraemia [link], [link]
perianal infection [link]
pericarditis [link], [link]
pharyngitis [link], [link]
puerperal and neonatal infection [link]
scarlet fever [link]
skin and soft tissue infections [link], [link]
toxic shock syndrome [link], [link]
vulvovaginitis [link]
laboratory investigations [link]
management [link]
pathogenicity, virulence and typing [link]
pneumonia [link]
puerperal sepsis [link]
Streptococcus salivarius [link]
Streptococcus sanguis [link], [link]
Streptococcus spp. [link]
infective endocarditis [link]
osteomyelitis [link]
Streptococcus suis [link], [link]
streptokinase, pulmonary embolism [link]
Streptomyces albus [link]
Streptomyces somaliensis [link]
Streptomyces spp. [link]
osteomyelitis [link]
streptomycin
brucellosis [link]
Madura foot [link]
in renal failure [link]
S. moniliformis [link]
toxicity [link]
tuberculosis [link]
dose [link]
uses [link]
streptozotocin, adverse effects, hepatotoxicity [link], [link]
stress echocardiography [link], [link]
angina [link]
stress testing, myocardial perfusion imaging [link]
stress [link]
and blood pressure [link]
occupational [link], [link]
and peptic ulcer disease [link]
stressors [link]
striae gravidarum [link]
stridor [link]
lung cancer [link]
stroke prevention, clinical trials [link]
stroke work [link]
stroke [link], [link]
causes [link]
classification [link]
clinical trials [link], [link]
cognitive impairment [link]
diabetes mellitus [link]
diagnosis [link], [link], [link]
echocardiography [link], [link]
epidemiology [link]
fetal and postnatal effects [link]
and hypertension [link]
imaging [link], [link], [link]
mortality rate [link]
NIH stroke scale [link]
nutrition-related [link]
outcome [link]
pregnancy [link]
presentation [link]
secondary prevention [link]
anticoagulants [link]
antihypertensive drugs [link]
antiplatelet agents [link]
carotid endarterectomy [link]
statins [link]
and SLE [link]
syndromes [link], [link]
thrombolysis [link]
treatment [link]
anticoagulants [link]
antiplatelet agents [link]
neuroprotective agents [link]
stroke units vs general wards [link]
surgical decompression [link]
thrombolysis [link]
Strongyloides fuelleborni [link]
Strongyloides stercoralis [link], [link]
immunocompromised host [link]
pathogenesis and life cycle [link]
strongyloidiasis [link], [link]
clinical features [link], [link]
diagnosis [link]
epidemiology [link]
HIV-associated infection [link]
immunocompromised patients [link]
treatment and prevention [link]
strontium ranelate, osteoporosis [link], [link]
struvite stones [link], [link]
stupor [link]
Sturge-Weber syndrome [link]
‘stuttering’ infarction [link]
subacromial impingement [link]
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis [link]
measles-related [link]
subaortic stenosis [link], [link]
subarachnoid haemorrhage [link]
causes [link], [link]
diagnosis [link], [link]
presentation [link]
treatment [link]
subclavian vein cannulation [link], [link]
subcortical dementia [link]
subcutaneous drug administration [link]
subdural empyema [link], [link]
subdural haematoma, chronic [link]
sublingual drug administration [link]
submersion injury [link]
subsistence crises [link]
substance abuse [link]
substituted judgement [link]
succimer [link]
succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency [link]
psychiatric signs [link]
Succinivibrio spp. [link]
sucralfate, peptic ulcer disease [link]
sucrase-isomaltase deficiency [link]
sudden death in sport [link], [link]
cardiac screening [link]
prevention [link]
sudden death syndrome [link], [link]
sudden infant death [link]
Sudeck’s atrophy [link]
suicidal intent [link], [link]
suicide
attempted [link]
alcohol and drug abusers [link]
arrival at hospital [link]
care after [link]
children and adolescents [link]
clinical services [link]
coping resources and supports [link]
elderly patients [link]
medical care [link]
psychosocial assessment [link], [link]
risk of repetition [link], [link]
mortality rate [link]
risk of [link]
sulbactam [link]
bacteraemia [link]
cellulitis, mastitis and pyomyositis [link]
endocarditis [link]
epidural abscess [link]
osteomyelitis [link]
pneumonia [link]
toxic shock syndrome [link]
urinary tract infection [link]
sulfadiazine, nocardiosis [link]
sulfafurazole, nocardiosis [link]
sulfamethoxazole, pharmacokinetics [link]
sulfapyridine, skin disorders [link]
sulfasalazine
ankylosing spondylitis [link]
psoriatic arthritis [link]
reproductive effects [link]
sulfinpyrazone, stroke prevention [link]
sulindac
adverse effects, hepatotoxicity [link]
and asthma [link]
rheumatoid arthritis [link]
sulphadiazine
adverse effects, hepatotoxicity [link]
paracoccidioidomycosis [link]
sulphaemoglobinaemia [link]
sulphasalazine
adverse effects, hepatotoxicity [link]
pregnancy [link]
ulcerative colitis [link], [link], [link]
sulphinpyrazone, gout [link]
sulphonamides
adverse effects
hepatotoxicity [link], [link], [link]
renal toxicity [link]
in breast milk [link]
contraindication in porphyria [link], [link]
mode of action [link]
pregnancy [link]
uses [link]
sulphones, adverse effects, hepatotoxicity [link]
sulphonylureas [link]
adverse effects [link]
contraindication in porphyria [link]
efficacy and potency [link]
and hypoglycaemia [link]
indications and contraindications [link]
mode of action [link]
pharmacokinetics [link]
sulphsalazine, rheumatoid arthritis [link]
sulphur dioxide poisoning [link]
sulphur [link], [link]
sulphuric acid [link]
carcinogenesis [link]
sulpiride
adverse effects, hyperprolactinaemia [link]
schizophrenia [link]
sumatriptan
drug interactions [link]
migraine [link]
summer penile syndrome [link]
sun protection factor [link], [link]
SUNCT/SUNA [link]
sunitinib [link], [link]
sunscreens [link], [link]
Supella longipalpa (banded cockroach) [link]
superior mesenteric artery syndrome [link]
superior vena cava, anomalies [link], [link]
superior vena cavography [link], [link]
superoxide anion [link]
superoxide [link]
supravalval stenosis [link]
supraventricular tachycardias [link], [link]
atrioventricular nodal re-entry tachycardia [link], [link]
atrioventricular re-entry tachycardia [link], [link]
sural nerve neuropathy [link]
suramin
adverse reactions [link]
trypanosomiasis [link], [link]
surfactant metabolism dysfunction [link], [link]
surfactant [link], [link]
impaired activity [link]
surgery
abdominal aortic aneurysm [link]
adrenalectomy [link]
anterior pituitary gland [link]
aortic dissection [link]
bariatric [link], [link]
duodenal switch [link]
gastric banding [link]
gastric bypass [link]
cancer [link]
breast [link], [link]
cardiac, in pregnancy [link]
congenital adrenal hyperplasia [link], [link]
in COPD [link]
coronary bypass see coronary artery bypass surgery
Crohn’s disease [link]
diabetic patients [link]
gastrointestinal bypass [link]
Graves’ disease [link]
infective endocarditis [link]
limb ischaemia [link]
neurosurgery, DVT prevention [link]
oesophageal cancer [link]
older patients [link], [link]
antibiotic prophylaxis [link]
choice of anaesthetic [link]
postoperative management [link]
preoperative assessment [link]
orthopaedic, DVT prevention [link]
osteoarthritis [link]
osteomyelitis [link]
pancreatic tumours [link]
parathyroidectomy [link], [link]
peptic ulcer [link]
thoracic, video-assisted [link], [link]
tonsillectomy [link]
ulcerative colitis [link]
sustainability [link]
Sutterella spp. [link]
Suttonella spp. [link]
suxamethonium
apnoea [link]
hydrolysis [link]
swallowing, difficulty in see dysphagia
swan-neck deformity [link]
sweat glands
apocrine, disorders of [link]
in cystic fibrosis [link]
eccrine, disorders of [link]
Sweet’s syndrome [link], [link], [link]
swimmer’s itch [link], [link]
swimming pool/fish tank granuloma [link], [link]
Swyer’s syndrome [link], [link], [link], [link]
Sydenham, Thomas [link]
Sydenham’s chorea [link], [link]
treatment [link]
syk [link]
sympathoadrenal system [link]
sympathomimetics, in renal failure [link]
Symphoromyia spp. [link]
Synanceja verrucosa [link]
synaptic potentials [link]
syncope [link], [link]
assessment [link]
cardiac [link], [link]
bradycardia [link], [link]
structural cardiovascular disease [link], [link]
tachycardia [link], [link]
cerebrovascular [link], [link]
clinical features [link], [link]
clinical investigations [link]
definition [link]
differential diagnosis [link], [link], [link], [link], [link]
epidemiology [link]
history [link]
family history [link]
preceding symptoms [link]
provocative factors [link]
recovery period [link]
syncopal episode