- 1 On being a patient
- 2 Modern medicine: foundations, achievements, and limitations
- 3 Global patterns of disease and medical practice
- 4 Cell biology
- 5 Immunological mechanisms
- 6 Principles of clinical oncology
- 7 Infection
- 8 Sexually transmitted diseases and sexual health
- 9 Chemical and physical injuries and environmental factors and disease
- 10 Clinical pharmacology
- 11 Nutrition
- 12 Metabolic disorders
- 13 Endocrine disorders
- 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- 15 Gastroenterological disorders
- 16 Cardiovascular disorders
- 17 Critical care medicine
- 17.1 Cardiac arrest
- 17.2 Anaphylaxis
- 17.3 The clinical approach to the patient who is very ill
- 17.4 Circulation and circulatory support in the critically ill
- 17.5 Acute respiratory failure
- 17.6 Management of raised intracranial pressure
- 17.7 Sedation and analgesia in the critically ill
- 17.8 Discontinuing treatment of the critically ill patient
- 17.9 Brainstem death and organ donation
- 18 Respiratory disorders
- 19 Rheumatological disorders
- 20 Disorders of the skeleton
- 21 Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
- 22 Disorders of the blood
- 23 Disorders of the skin
- 24 Neurological disorders
- 25 The eye
- 26 Psychiatry and drug related problems
- 27 Forensic medicine
- 28 Sports medicine
- 29 Geratology
- 30 Pain
- 31 Palliative medicine
- 32 Biochemistry in medicine
- 33 Acute medicine
(p. 3106) Anaphylaxis
- Chapter:
- (p. 3106) Anaphylaxis
- Author(s):
Anthony F.T. Brown
- DOI:
- 10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.1702_update_001
Update:
Updates include (1) expansion of the list of drugs that can cause Ig-E dependent anaphylaxis; (2) description of chest pain due to coronary artery spasm; (3) treatment of serious attacks of hereditary angioedema with C1 esterase inhibitor or icatibant; (4) reference to new guidelines published by the World Allergy Organization and the European Resuscitation Council.
The term anaphylaxis describes both IgE immune-mediated reactions and nonallergic, nonimmunologically triggered events. Comorbidities such as asthma or infection, exercise, alcohol, or stress and concurrent medications such as β-blockers and aspirin increase the risk known as ‘summation anaphylaxis’.
Aetiology and pathogenesis—activated mast cells and basophils release preformed, granule-associated mediators and newly formed lipid mediators, and generate cytokines and chemokines. These cause vasodilatation, increased capillary permeability, and smooth muscle contraction, as well as attract new cells to the area. Positive feedback mechanisms amplify the reaction in a ‘mast cell—leucocyte cytokine cascade’, although conversely reactions can be self-limiting. Parenteral penicillins, hymenopteran stings, and food are the most common causes of IgE immune-mediated fatalities, with radiocontrast media, aspirin, and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs most commonly responsible for nonallergic fatalities....
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- 1 On being a patient
- 2 Modern medicine: foundations, achievements, and limitations
- 3 Global patterns of disease and medical practice
- 4 Cell biology
- 5 Immunological mechanisms
- 6 Principles of clinical oncology
- 7 Infection
- 8 Sexually transmitted diseases and sexual health
- 9 Chemical and physical injuries and environmental factors and disease
- 10 Clinical pharmacology
- 11 Nutrition
- 12 Metabolic disorders
- 13 Endocrine disorders
- 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
- 15 Gastroenterological disorders
- 16 Cardiovascular disorders
- 17 Critical care medicine
- 17.1 Cardiac arrest
- 17.2 Anaphylaxis
- 17.3 The clinical approach to the patient who is very ill
- 17.4 Circulation and circulatory support in the critically ill
- 17.5 Acute respiratory failure
- 17.6 Management of raised intracranial pressure
- 17.7 Sedation and analgesia in the critically ill
- 17.8 Discontinuing treatment of the critically ill patient
- 17.9 Brainstem death and organ donation
- 18 Respiratory disorders
- 19 Rheumatological disorders
- 20 Disorders of the skeleton
- 21 Disorders of the kidney and urinary tract
- 22 Disorders of the blood
- 23 Disorders of the skin
- 24 Neurological disorders
- 25 The eye
- 26 Psychiatry and drug related problems
- 27 Forensic medicine
- 28 Sports medicine
- 29 Geratology
- 30 Pain
- 31 Palliative medicine
- 32 Biochemistry in medicine
- 33 Acute medicine