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Aetiology Aetiology
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Epidemiology Epidemiology
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Clinical features Clinical features
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Diagnosis Diagnosis
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Differential diagnosis Differential diagnosis
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Treatment Treatment
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Prevention Prevention
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Further reading Further reading
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7.5.28 Molluscum contagiosum
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Published:May 2010
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This version:May 2012
Updated in this version:
Update:
Chapter reviewed and minor changes made.
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Extract
Essentials
Aetiology
Molluscum contagiosum (MCV), first described clinically in the early 19th century, is caused by a virus of the genus Molluscipox. This enormous (200–300 nm long), brick-shaped, double-stranded DNA virus, is a member of the Chordopoxvirinae subfamily of the Poxviridae. It multiplies in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes of the deep epidermal stratum spinosum. MCV shares unique genomic features with parapoxviruses such as orf (Chapter 7.5.27), including a GC-rich nucleotide composition, three orthologous genes, and a paucity of nucleotide metabolism genes. Restriction endonuclease analysis of the genome has identified four types, MCV-1, MCV-1a, MCV-2, and MCV-3. MCV-1 causes most childhood infections while MCV-2 is transmitted sexually in older people. Like orf virus, MCV encodes several proteins that suppress host immunity. MC54L is a human (IL-18) binding protein homologue. MC148 antagonizes CC chemokine receptor 8. MC013L promotes viral replication by inhibiting the differentiation of infected keratinocytes. MC159L causes abnormal proliferation of epithelium by inhibiting tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and apoptosis-inducing factors. MC80R, an MHC class I homologue, interferes with the presentation of MCV peptides. Glutathione peroxidase protects infected cells from oxidative damage by peroxides.
Update:
Chapter reviewed and minor changes made.
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